B

baby [‘beibi] n.

1. a very young child or animal　婴儿；动物幼崽：

a newborn baby　新生儿

2. a person who behaves like a young child and is easily upset　幼稚的人；孩子气的人：

Stop crying and don’t be such a baby.

别哭了，别这么孩子气。

3. Some people use baby as an affectionate way of addressing someone, especially a young woman, or referring to them.宝贝儿（昵称，尤用于年轻女性）：

You have to wake up now, baby.

该起床了，宝贝儿。

back [bæk]

Ⅰ n. [c]

1. part of your body　背，背部：

He was lying on his back, looking at the moon.

他仰卧着看月亮。

She spoke against me behind my back.

她背后说我坏话。

2. opposite of front　后面，背面：

The kitchen is in the back of the house.

厨房在屋子的后面。

He sat in the back of the classroom.

他坐在教室后面。

3. not at front（椅子等的）背部，（手、脚的）背，（刀的）背：

the back of a hill　山脊

The seats have no back against which to lean.

这些座位没靠背。

Ⅱ adj.

1. behind sth.后面的：

There is a map of china on the back wall.

后墙上有一张中国地图。

There is sb. at the back door.

后门有人。

2. 偏远的，偏僻的：

a back street　后街

3. 逆向的，往回的：

a back current　逆流

a back answer　顶撞的话

4. 拖欠的，过期的：

a back issue　过期期刊

back pay　欠薪

Ⅲ adv.

1. move backwards　在后，向后：

Sit back in your chair and be comfortable.

靠着椅背舒舒服服地坐着。

Our house stands well back from the street.

我们家离大街很远。

2. in return or reply　回报；回答：

If he kicks me, I’ll kick him back.

他要是踢我，我就踢他。

3. as before　以前：

far back in the Middle ages

追溯到中古时代

4. under control; prevented from being expressed or coming out　控制住；忍住：

He could no longer hold back his tears.

他再也无法控制住眼泪。

Ⅳ vi. ＆ vt.

1. to return to a place　后退：

The horse backed suddenly.

马突然向后退。

He backed the car into the garage.

他把车倒着开进车库。

2. support sb.支持，援助：

Many of my friends backed me in the argument.

在辩论中我的很多朋友支持我。

▲back and forth　来回，往返，来来往往地：

The child ran back and forth on the playground.

这孩子在操场上来来回回地跑着。

The bird flew back and forth.

这只鸟忽前忽后地飞行。

▲back down/off放弃，让步，撤回：

He has to back down from the position he took last week.

他只好放弃他上周所坚持的立场。

I’ll back down what I have said.

我要收回我说的话。

▲back of　在……后部，在……背部：

a stream back of the house

屋后的小溪

▲back up

①支持，援助：

I have been backed up by him in my work.

他一直全心全意支持我的工作。

Our company back up the small factory.

我们公司援助那家小厂子。

②倒退，后退：

She backed up three steps.

她往后退了三步。

background [‘bækɡraund]

Ⅰ n. [c]

1. the situation or past events that explain why sth. happens in the way that it does　背景：

Do you know the historical background of the event?

你知道这件事的历史背景吗?

I took a picture of my father with the mountain in the background.

我以那座山为背景给父亲拍了一张照。

2. .someone’s family, education, previous,work etc.经历，出身：

With the development of society, more and more young men are having college backgrounds.

随着社会的发展，越来越多的年轻人正获得大学学历。

Does he have the background for teaching?

他有教学的经历吗?

3. the pattern or colour on top of which sth. has been drawn,printed etc.（图样等的）底子：

She wears a skirt with white spots on a red background.

她穿着一件红底白点的裙子。

4. someone who keeps or stays in the background tries not to be noticed　隐蔽的地位，幕后：

You ought to keep yourself in the background.

你应该隐藏在幕后。

backward(s)** [‘bækwəd(z)](back　后+ word　向）

Ⅰ adv.

1. in the direction that is behind you　向后：

He looked backward(s) over his shoulder.

他向背后看。

2. towards the beginning or the past　倒退着：

It’s not easy to walk backward(s).

倒退着走路不容易。

can you say the alphabet backward(s)?

你能倒背英语字母吗?

Ⅱ adj.

1. looking or facing in the direction that is behind you　向后的，倒着的：

She gave me a backward(s) glance.

她回头看了我一眼。

The car began to make a backward(s) movement.

小汽车开始后退。

2. developing slowly and less successfully than most others　落后的，迟钝的：

The rainy season is backward(s) this year.

今年雨季来得晚。

The pupil is backward(s) in his mathematics.

这学生数学不好。

That is a backward(s) district without electricity.

那是一个没有电力的落后地区。

Jim is backward(s), and he seldom gets good marks.

吉姆脑子迟钝，很少考出好成绩。

3. someone having learning difficulties　迟疑的，畏缩的：

although he is clever, he is backward(s) in giving his views.

他虽然很聪明，却不善于表达自己的意见。

【派】backwardly adv.; backwardness n.

bacon** [‘beikən] n.[U]

salted or smoked meat from the back or sides of a pig,often served in narrow thin pieces（通常切成薄片的）熏猪肉，咸猪肉：

a bacon sandwich　熏猪肉三明治

bad [bæd]

Ⅰ adj. (worse [wə:s], worst [wə:st])

1. morally unacceptable　坏的，错的：

In given conditions, a bad thing can be turned into a good one.

在一定条件下，坏事可以变好事。

I have made a bad decision.

我做出了错误的决定。

2. below an acceptable standard　低劣的，拙劣的：

She is bad at cooking.

她做菜不好吃。

It is bad in quality.

这东西质量差。

3. to feel or look ill　不舒服的，病的：

I am/feel bad today.

我今天身体不适。

4. unpleasant　令人不愉快的，令人讨厌的，不受欢迎的：

What bad weather we are having!

多么糟糕的天气啊!

He is in a bad temper. Don’t bother him.

他正不高兴，别烦他。

5. serious　严重的：

I have caught a bad cold.

我患了重感冒。

You have made a bad mistake.

你犯了严重错误。

6. causing or likely to cause damage有害的，不利的：

It’s bad for one to live alone.

人不宜独居。

7. [美俗]不幸的：

It’s too bad she is so ill.

她病得这么厉害，太不幸了。

【辨】bad, evil, ill:

①bad　坏的，最普通用语，可修饰人和物：a bad man　坏人

a bad egg　坏蛋，臭蛋。

②evil指道德上的：evil thoughts　邪念

③ill　坏的，不健康的，常指身体：My mother has fallen ill.

我母亲生病了。

Ⅱ n. [U]

bad people, things, or events　恶劣的状态，不好的事：

The gambler has gone to the bad.

这赌徒已到堕落的境况。

It has gone to the bad from being so long neglected.

这件事因疏忽已久而不可收拾。

Ⅲ adv. (=badly)

badly [‘bædli] adv.

1. in a way that makes people get a bad opinion about sth.坏地，恶劣地：

No one likes him, because he behaves badly.

没人喜欢他，因为他行为不良。

This pair of trousers is badly made.

这条裤子做工很差。

Today’s work is badly/done.

今天的工作做得很差劲。

2. used to emphasize how much you want sth.严重地，非常，很：

More than ten persons were badly injured in the traffic accident.

在那次车祸中十多人受重伤。

She wants to go home badly.

她非常想回家。

badminton* [‘bædmintən] n.[c]

a game like tennis played by two or four people, usually indoors　羽毛球：

We often play badminton after school.

放学后我们常打羽毛球。

bag [bæɡ]

Ⅰ n. [c]

1. a container made from cloth, plastic or leather　袋，包：

He let the cat out of the bag.

他泄露了秘密。

Put your things in your bag and go to bed.

把东西放进包里，上床睡觉。

The thief stole a bag of money.

小偷偷了一袋子钱。

a tool bag　工具袋

a string bag　网兜

Ⅱ vt.

1. to put sth. into bags ……装入袋中：

They bagged (up) the wheat.

他们把小麦装入袋中。

bake [beik] vt.＆ vi.

1. to cook food in oven without extra fat or liquid　烤，烘，焙：

We often bake bread, cake and cookies in an oven.

我们经常在烤箱里烤面包、蛋糕和饼干。

2. to become or to make sth. become hard by heating　烤硬，焙干：

bricks and earthenware articles are baked in kilns.

砖及各种陶器是在窑中烧成的。

The ground was baked dry by the hot sun.

烈日蒸烤大地。

bakery** [‘beikəri] n.[c]

a place where bread and sometimes cakes are baked and/or sold

面包烘房；糕饼烘房；面包店；糕饼店

balance the advantages against the disadvantages

权衡得失

balance* [‘bæləns]

Ⅰ n.

1. [c] an instrument for weighing things　天平，秤：

She weighed the vegetables with a spring balance.

她用弹簧秤称蔬菜。

2. [U] a situation in which different things exists in equal, correct or good amounts　平衡，均衡：

The drunken man couldn’t keep his balance.

这个醉汉无法站稳。

The two boys kept the seesaw in balance.

那两个男孩让跷跷板保持平衡。

He lost his balance and fell off the bike.

他失去平衡，从自行车上摔了下来。

3. an amount that remains or is left over　差额，结余，余款：

I have a balance of only 500 yuan in my bank account.

我的银行账户只有五百元余额。

Ⅱ vt. ＆ vi.

1. to put your body or sth. else in the position which is steady and does not fall　保持……平衡：

can you balance yourself on skates?

你穿上溜冰鞋还能保持平衡吗?

2. to be equal in value, amount, etc.使……平衡，平衡：

The expenses balance the receipts.

收支相抵。

3. to compare the relative importance of two things　比较，权衡：

ball [bɔ:l] n.[c]

1. a round object used for throwing, hitting or kicking in games and sports　球，球状物：

The children were playing with rubber balls.

孩子们在玩皮球。

I shot up a ball in the air to see how high I could push.

我把球投向空中看着能抛多高。

cats like playing with balls of wool.

猫喜欢玩毛线球。

the eyeball　眼球

2. a kick, hit or throw of the ball in some sports　投出去的球，踢出的球：

a fast ball　快球

a foul ball　界外球

3. a large formal party with dancing　舞会：

How did you enjoy the ball?

你在舞会上玩得开心吗?

ballet* [bæ’lei, ‘bælei] n.[c]

a style of dancing that tells a dramatic story with music but no talking or singing　芭蕾，芭蕾舞剧

balloon [bə’lu:n] n.[c]

a small bag made of very thin rubber that becomes larger and rounder when you fill it with air or gas. 气球：

an observation balloon　观测气球

They ascended in a balloon.

他们乘气球上升。

balloons burst easily.

气球易破。

It is hard for a little child to blow up a balloon.

小孩儿吹气球很难。

bamboo [bæm’bu:] n.[c] [U]

a tall plant that is a member of the grass family and has hard hollow stems that are used for making furniture, poles, etc.竹；竹子：

a bamboo table　竹制的桌子

ban** [bæn]

Ⅰ n. [c]

an official rule that says that sth. is not allowed　禁止，禁令：

be put under a ban　被禁止

Ⅱ vt.

to order sb. not to do sth., go somewhere,etc., especially officially　禁止，取缔：

Such books have been banned.

此类书籍已被查禁。

【同】prohibit, forbid

banana [bə’nɑ:nə] n.[c]

a long curved fruit with a thick yellow skin and soft flesh, that grows on trees in hot countries　香蕉：

Monkeys like eating bananas.

猴子爱吃香蕉。

band* [bænd]

Ⅰ n. [c]

1. a thin flat strip or circle of any material that is put around things, for example to hold them together or to make them stronger　条，带：

I want a velvet band for holding my hair in place.

我要一条丝绒带子系在头发上，以免头发散乱。

2. a small group of musicians who play popular music together, often with a singer or singers　乐队：

a military band　军乐队

a brass band　管乐队

3. a range of radio waves　波段：

This is a six-band radio.

这是一台六波段收音机。

4. a group of people who do sth. together or who have the same ideas　一群，一伙：

a band of robbers　一伙盗贼

Ⅱ vt.

to unite, usu. with some special purpose （尤指为某种特殊目的）团结起来：

They band with each other to fight against their boss.

他们合起伙来对付老板。

【同】bond, tie

bank [bæŋk]

Ⅰ n. [c]

1. the side of a river, canal, etc. and the land near it　岸，堤：

His house is on the south bank of the Thames.

他的房子在泰晤士河南岸。

keep back water by a bank　筑堤防水

2. an organization that provides various financial services, for example keeping or lending money　行，库：

the bank of china　中国银行

Ⅱ vt.

to put money into a bank account　存入银行：

I bank half my salary every month.

我将每月工资的一半存入银行。

bar* [bɑ:]

Ⅰ n. [c]

1. a piece of solid material that is longer than it is wide　条，杆，棍，棒：

I bought a bar of soap yesterday.

昨天我买了一条肥皂。

a gold bar　金条

a bar of chocolate　巧克力棒

a steel bar　钢条

2. a place where you can buy and drink alcohol and other drinks　酒吧，餐柜：

He is a waiter at the bar.

他在这家酒吧当服务员。

3. a thing that stops sb. from doing sth.

（喻）障碍，阻碍物：

This is a bar to success.

这是成功的障碍。

Poverty should not be a bar to happiness.

贫穷不应是幸福的障碍。

Ⅱ vt.

to close sth. with a bar or bars　闩上，阻拦，妨碍：

She barred the door before going to bed.

睡觉前她闩上了门。

The police barred the way and we couldn’t go any father.

警察拦着路，我们不能再往前走。

barbecue** [‘bɑ:bikju:]

Ⅰ n.

1. a metal frame for cooking food on over an open fire outdoors　烤肉用的台架

2. an outdoor meal or party when food is cooked in this way　烤肉

Ⅱ vt.

to cook food on a barbecue　烧烤（肉类）

barely** [‘bɛəli] adv.

1. just; certainly not more than (a particular amount, age, time, etc.)仅仅，几乎没有：

He can barely read or write.

他仅粗通文字而已。

be barely of age　刚成年

2. in a way that almost does not happen or exist　几乎没有：

a barely furnished room　几乎没有家具的房间

bargain* [ˈbɑ:ɡən]

Ⅰ n. [c]

1. sth. you buy cheaply or for less than its usual price　特价商品：

There are no bargains in the clothes shops at the moment.

目前这家服装店里面没有特价商品。

2. an agreement, made between two people or groups to do something in return for something else （双方或多方的）协定，协议：

Management and unions have struck a bargain over wage increases.

管理方和工会就涨薪达成了协议。

Ⅱ vi.

to discuss the conditions of a sale, agreement etc, for example to try and get a lower price　讨价还价，谈判：

They bargained for a few minutes and made a deal.

他们讨价还价几分钟后达成交易。

▲bargain for　为……谈判：

The workers are bargaining for better pay.

工人们正在为加薪谈判。

▲bargain over　就……协商：

They bargained over the level of wages.

他们就薪资水平进行协商。

▲bargain with　与……要价还价：

Several women were bargaining with the traders.

几位妇女在和商贩讨价还价。

bark** [bɑ:k]

Ⅰ n. [c]

1. a sharp loud sound made by a dog　狗叫声，吠声：

The bark of a dog sounded at midnight.

半夜响起了狗叫声。

His bark is worse than his bite.

他嘴硬心软。

2. a short loud sound made by a gun or a voice　枪声，炮声，短促的人声：

a bark of laughter　一声大笑

Ⅱ vi.

to make the short sharp loud sound that dogs make; to say sth. in a sharp loud voice　吠，咆哮，咆哮地说：

The dog kept barking all night. Sth. must be wrong with him.

狗整夜叫个不停，一定有什么毛病。

He is barking up the wrong tree.

（喻）他弄错了抱怨的对象。

a barking dog will never bite.

会叫的狗不咬人。

The officer barked out his orders.

军官以严厉而有威严的声音发出命令。

barrier** [‘bæriə] n.[c]

（bar-阻止+ rier　名词后缀）

an object like a fence that prevents people from moving forward from one place to another　栅栏，屏障，障碍（物），关卡，检票口：

put a barrier across the road　在道路上设置路障

the language barrier　语言障碍

base* [beis]

Ⅰ n. [c]

1. the lowest part of sth., especially the part or surface on which it rests or stands　基础，底部：

the economic base　经济基础

The table light is round at the base.

这台灯的底座是圆的。

2. a military base is a place which part of the armed forces works from　基地，根据地：

an air base　空军基地

They made it the base of operations.

他们把那儿当成作战根据地。

The wounded were sent to the base hospital.

伤员被送往后方医院。

The bases are full.

满垒。

【同】basis, foundation, ground

【反】top

Ⅱ vt.

to use an idea, a fact a situation etc. as the point from which sth. can be developed　把……基于，以……为根据：

On what do you base your argument?

你辩论的依据是什么?

The song is based on an old folk tune.

这首歌以民歌为基调。

【同】bottom, found, ground

【辨】base, basis, foundation, ground:

①base指柱、山、塔等的基础：the base of a column　柱脚

②basis　多用于比喻，如学说、名誉、讨论等的基础：the basis of morality　道德的基础③foundation　含有“坚实的下层基础”的意义：the foundation of a block of flats　一排公寓的地基

④ground“基础，根据”，意义和　base　相同，通用其比喻意：On what grounds do you suspect him? 你根据什么怀疑他?

baseball [‘beisbɔ:l] n.

1. [U] In america, baseball is a game played by two teams of nine players. Each player from one team hits a ball with a bat and then tries to run around three bases and get to the home base before the other team can get the ball back　棒球：

can you play baseball?

你会打棒球吗?

My classmates took part in the baseball match.

我的同学参加了棒球赛。

He is a professional baseball player.

他是一个职业棒球选手。

2. [c] a baseball is a small hard ball which is used in the game of baseball　棒球赛所用的球

basic [‘beisik]

Ⅰ adj forming the part of sth. that is most necessary and from which other things develop　基础的，基本的，根本的：

These are the basic necessities of daily life.

这些是日常生活必需品。

Do you know the basic use of the word?

你知道这个词的基本用法吗?

basic English　基础英语

【派】basically adv.

basin** [‘beisn] n.[c]

1. a basin is a large or deep bowl that you use for holding liquids, or for mixing or storing food.盆，脸盆：

a plastic basin　塑料盆

2. The basin of a large river is an area of land around it from which streams run down into it.内海，盆地，流域：

the Thames basin　泰晤士河流域

the amazon basin　亚马孙盆地

【派】basinful adj.一满盆

basis* [‘beisis] n.[c](pl. bases [‘beisi:z])

the important facts, ideas or events that support sth. and that it can develop from　基础，根据：

His argument rested on a basis of fact.

他的辩论以事实为基础。

What is the basis of your idea?

你这个想法的根据是什么?

The school is now on a firm basis.

这所学校根基稳固。

【同】base, foundation, ground

▲on the basis of　根据，在……的基础上：

On the basis of everyone’s opinion, he worked out the plan.

根据大家的意见，他拟定了计划。

basket [‘bɑ:skit] n.[c]

1. a container for holding or carrying things which are made of thin strips of material that bends and twists easily, for example plastic, wire or wicker　篮子，篓子，筐子：

He carried a basket of vegetables.

他提着一篮子菜。

I want to buy a waste-paper basket.

我想买个废纸篓。

2. the net and the metal ring it hangs from,high up at each end of a basketball court;a point that is scored by throwing the ball through this net（篮球的）篮网，得分：

to make/shoot a basket

投篮得分

basketball [‘bɑ:skitbɔ:l]

Ⅰ n.

1. [U] a game played by two teams of five players, using a large ball which players try to throw into a high net hanging from a ring　篮球运动：

Playing basketball is good for your health.

打篮球有益健康。

a basketball game/coach/team　篮球比赛/教练/球队

2. [c] the ball used in this game　篮球：

He threw the basketball to me.

他把篮球扔给我。

bat** [bæt]

Ⅰ n.

1. [c] a piece of wood with a handle, made in various shapes and sizes, and used for hitting the ball in games such as baseball,cricket and table tennis　球棒；球拍；球板：

hit a ball with a bat　用球棒击球

a baseball/cricket bat　棒球球棒；板球球板

2. an animal like a mouse with wings, that flies and feeds at night　蝙蝠：

There are many types of bat.

有很多种类的蝙蝠。

Ⅱ vt. ＆ vi.

1. to hit a ball with a bat, especially in a game of cricket or baseball　用球板击球，用球棒击球（尤指板球或棒球运动）：

He bats very well.

他擅长击球。

Who’s batting first for the Orioles?

谁代表金莺队第一个出场击球？

bath** [bɑ:θ]

Ⅰ n. [c] (pl. baths [bɑ:ðz])

1. [c] (also bathtub) a large, long container that you put water in and then get in to wash your whole body　浴缸；浴盆

2. [c] the water in a bath, ready to use　洗澡水：

a long soak in a hot bath

一次长时间的热水浴

Please run a bath for me.

请给我把浴缸放满水。

3. [c] the act of washing your whole body by sitting or lying in water　洗澡；洗浴：

I think I’ll have a bath and go to bed.

我想洗个澡，然后睡觉。

4. [c] a public place where people went in the past to wash or have a bath　公共浴室；澡堂：

Roman villas and baths

罗马别墅和浴室

Ⅱ vt ＆ vi. [英]

1. to give a bath to sb. 给……洗澡：

It’s your turn to bath the baby.

轮到你给婴儿洗澡了。

【同】clean (up), have a bath, take a bath, wash oneself, wash up

bathroom [‘bɑ:θrum]

Ⅰ n. [c]

1. a room in which there is a bath and often a toilet　浴室，盥洗室：

Go and wash your hands in the bathroom.

到盥洗室洗手去。

2. [美] a room in which there is a toilet, a sink and sometimes a bath or shower　卫生间；洗手间：

May I use your bathroom?

我可以借用您的洗手间吗?

battery* [‘bætəri]

Ⅰ n.

1. [c] a device that is placed inside a car engine, clock, radio, etc. and that produces the electricity that makes it work　电池：

The battery is flat.

电池没电了。

battery charger　电池充电器

a storage battery　蓄电池

2. [c] a number of large guns that are used together　排炮

3. [c] a large number of things or people of the same type　一系列；一批；一群：

He faced a battery of questions.

他面临一连串的问题。

battle* [‘bætl]

（bat　打+ -t + -le　动词后缀）

Ⅰ n.

1. [c] a fight between armies, ships or planes, especially during a war; a violent fight between groups of people　战役，战斗；搏斗：

This is a championship battle.

这是一场冠军争夺战。

We won the battle at last.

我们最终战胜了。

2. [c] a competition, an argument or a struggle between people or groups of people trying to win power or control　较量；争论；斗争：

the battle of life　人生的奋斗

a battle with an insurance company

同一家保险公司的争执

3. [c] a determined effort that sb. makes to solve a difficult problem or succeed in a difficult situation　奋斗；斗争：

her long battle against cancer

她同癌症的长期斗争

Ⅱ vi.

1. to try very hard to achieve sth. difficult or to deal with sth. unpleasant or dangerous　奋斗，搏斗，斗争：

He battled against cancer until death.

他与癌症斗争到生命最后一刻。

I had to battle hard just to stay afloat.

我得用力控制才能勉强浮起来。

bay** [bei] n.

1. [c] a part of the sea, or of a large lake,partly surrounded by a wide curve of the land（海或湖的）湾：

the bay of bengal　孟加拉湾

a magnificent view across the bay

海湾对面的壮观景象

2. [c] a marked section of ground either inside or outside a building, for example for a vehicle to park in, for storing things,etc.分隔间（户外或室内的，用以停放车辆、存放货物等）：

a parking/loading bay　停车位；装货区

Put the equipment in bay No. 3.

把设备放在3号仓房。

3. [c] a horse of a dark brown colour　栗色马：

He was riding a big bay.

他骑着一匹高大的栗色马。

4. [U] an herb used to give flavor to food,made of the leaves of the bay tree　月桂（用作香料）

b.c./bc** [‘bi:si:]

1. before christ (used in the christian calendar to show a particular number of years before the year when christ is believed to have been born)公元前（基督教会历法用）：

in the fifth century bc　在公元前5世纪

the third century bc　公元前3世纪

be [bi:] v.

1. to exist; to be present有；存在：

Is there a God?

上帝存在吗？

I tried phoning but there was no answer.

我试过打电话，但没人接。

There is a bank down the road.

沿马路不远有一家银行。

2. to be located; to be in a place　位于；在（某处）：

The town is three miles away.

镇子距此地三英里远。

If you’re looking for your file, it’s on the table.

你要找的文件在桌子上。

3. to happen at a time or in a place（在某时或某地）发生：

The party is on Friday evening.

聚会定于周五晚上举行。

The meetings are always in the main conference room.

会议总是在主会议室举行。

4. to remain in a place　留在（某地）；逗留：

She has been in her room for hours.

她已经在她的房间里待了几个小时了。

They’re here till christmas.

他们将在这里一直住到圣诞节。

5. to attend an event; to be present in a place　出席；到场：

I’ll be at the party.

我将出席聚会。

He’ll be here soon.

他很快就会到达。

6. (only used in the perfect tenses　仅用于完成时) to visit or call　前往；造访；访问：

I’ve never been to Spain.

我从未去过西班牙。

He had been abroad many times.

他曾多次出国。

7. used to say where sb. was born or where their home is　出生于（某地）；来自……；是（某地的）人：

She’s from Italy.

她来自意大利。

8. used when you are naming people or things, describing them or giving more information about them（提供名称或信息时用）：

Today is Monday.

今天是周一。

She’s a great beauty.

她是个大美人。

The fact is (that) we don’t have enough money.

事实是我们没有那么多钱。

9. used when you are describing a situation or saying what you think about it（描述情况或表达想法）：

It’s strange how she never comes to see us anymore.

奇怪，她怎么再也不来看我们了。

It would be a shame if you lost it.

你要是把它丢了就太可惜了。

10. used to talk about time（用于表达时间）：

It’s two thirty.

两点三十了。

It was late at night when we finally arrived.

我们最后到达时已是深夜。

11. used to say what sth. is made of（表示所用的材料）：

Is your jacket real leather?

你的夹克是真皮的吗？

12. used to say who sth. belongs to or who it is intended for（表示某物所属）：

The money’s not yours, it’s John’s.

这钱不是你的，是约翰的。

13. to cost　花费；值：

How much is that dress?

那条连衣裙多少钱？

14. to be equal to等于；等同：

Three and three is six.

三加三等于六。

15. (to be used) to say how important sth. is to sb.（表示对某人的重要性）：

Money isn’t everything.

金钱不是一切。

beach [bi:tʃ]

Ⅰ n.

[U] an area of sand, or small stones, beside the sea or a lake　海滩，沙滩，海滨；湖滨：

Walking along the beach is very enjoyable.

沿海滩散步很惬意。

The children were playing on the beach.

孩子们在海滩玩耍。

【同】bank, coast

Ⅱ vt.

to come or bring sth. out of the water and onto the beach（使）上岸；把……拖上岸：

He beached the boat and lifted the boy onto the shore.

他把小船拖上岸，把男孩抱到岸上。

【派】beachy adj.近岸的，岸边浅滩的

bean [bi:n] n.

[c] a seed, or pod containing seeds, of a climbing plant, eaten as a vegetable. There are several types of bean and the plants that they grow on are also called beans.豆，菜豆，豆荚；豆科植物：

Egyptian bean　莲子

French bean　蚕豆

soy beans　大豆

bean curd** [kə:d] n.

(tofu [‘təʊfu:])

[U] 豆腐

bear [bɛə]

Ⅰ n. [c]

a large heavy animal with thick fur　熊：

The bear exposed its teeth in a muffled growl.

那只熊龇出牙齿，发出一声低沉的吼叫。

Great/Little bear　大/小熊星座

Ⅱ vt. (bore [bɔ:], borne/born [bɔ:n])

1. to suffer sth. without complaining or giving in　忍受，容忍（常与can, could　连用于疑问句和否定句中）：

She can not bear to see animals treated cruelly.

她不忍见动物受虐待。

The pain was almost more than I could bear.

我简直疼得受不了。

2. to take responsibility for sth.承担责任：

Who will bear the expense?

由谁来承担这费用?

【同】carry, support

3. to give birth to children　生孩子，结果实：

She has borne him a son.

她为他生了个儿子。

Has the tree borne this year?

这树今年结果子了吗?

4. to show sth.; to carry sth. so that it can be seen　显示；带有：

She bears little resemblance to her mother.

她很不像她的母亲。

【同】bring forth, produce

beard** [biəd] n.[c]

the hair which grows on a man’s cheeks and chin　胡须：

He wears a long beard.

他留了长胡须。

beat [bi:t]

Ⅰ vt. ＆ vi. (beat [bi:t], beaten [‘bi:tn])

1. to hit many times,usually very hard.打，敲：

They beat him unconscious.

他们把他打得失去了知觉。

The robbers not only took my money but beat me with iron bars badly.

这些强盗不仅抢了我的钱，还用铁棍把我毒打了一顿。

The rain was beating on/against the windows.

雨点敲打着窗户。

2. to defeat sb.; to be better than sth. 打败，战胜：

I can’t beat him at chess.

我下棋下不过他。

3. to make a regular sound or movement （心脏、脉搏）跳动：

My heart beat fast at the sight of him.

一看见他，我的心跳就加快。

Ⅱ n. [c]

1. a single stroke or blow that comes at regular intervals in a series; the sounds it makes　敲打，敲击声：

The beat of a drum awoke me from a dream.

击鼓声把我从梦中惊醒。

2. （心脏）跳动，搏动：

can’t you hear the beat of my heart?

你听不到我心跳的声音吗?

3. the strong rhythm that a piece of music has　节拍：

follow the beat closely　紧跟节拍

beautiful [‘bju:təful,’bju:tiful] adj.

1. lovely; attractive; giving pleasure to the senses　美丽的，漂亮的：

She is beautiful and accomplished.

她美丽而多才。

The singer has a beautiful voice.

那歌手声音很美。

The scenery is beautiful beyond description.

这景色美得无法形容。

2. very good or skillful　完美的，出色的：

beautiful achievements　出色的成就

【同】pretty

【反】ugly

【派】beautifully adv. 美丽地，美观地

【辨】beautiful, good-looking, handsome, pretty:

①beautiful指最能给予满足的，最高尚的精神美，也常指女性迷人的脸庞：Her beautiful face is like a beautiful flower. 她那漂亮的脸蛋儿就像一朵美丽的花。

②good-looking指相貌悦人，特指容颜美：a good-looking girl　漂亮的女孩

③handsome常指男性的美：The handsome young man is very popular among the girls.

这个英俊小伙儿很受姑娘青睐。

④pretty指适度的、精细的美：The garden is small but extremely pretty. 花园虽小，但极美丽。

beauty** [‘bju:ti] n.

1. [U] the quality which gives pleasure to senses　美，美丽：

beauty is but skin deep.

美貌只是外表。

2. [c] a beautiful woman　美人，美丽的东西：

She is a famous beauty.

她是一位著名的美人。

Isn’t the rose a beauty!

这玫瑰花真美丽!

3. [c] the state of being beautiful　美丽之处，长处，美观：

the beauties of nature　自然美景

Where are the beauties of the author?

这位作家的文体美在哪里?

because [bi’kɔz] conj.

the reason that　因为：

It is mainly because he was careless that he failed the English examination.

他没有通过英语考试，主要是因为太粗心。

You should not despise a man because he is poor.

你不应该因为一个人穷困而轻视他。

Don’t be vain because you are good-looking.

不要因美丽而自骄。

▲because of　由于，因为：prep. by reason of, as a result of

I didn’t come because of the bad weather.

由于天气不好，我没有来。

become [bi’kʌm] vi.＆ vt.

(became [bi’keim], become [bi’kʌm])

1. to begin to be sth.变成，成为：

She wants to become a lawyer.

她想当律师。

2. to suit or be suitable to　适宜，同……相称：

It doesn’t become a gentleman to tell lies.

君子不该说谎。

The new hat becomes her well.

这顶新帽子很适合她。

【辨】become, get, go, grow, grow:

①become指逐渐形成或发生，或表示担任某种新的角色：He decided to be ateacher but then he became a worker.

他曾决定当老师，但后来当了工人。

②get常与形容词连用，不表示继续：I got tired.

我累了。

③go常与形容词连用，表示不好的意思：The egg has gone bad. 蛋臭了。go bankrupt　破产

④grow指程度有新的变化：an egg grows into a bird.蛋变成鸟。

⑤turn常与表颜色的形容词或名词连用，可表示成为和以前不同的东西或人：Spring comes, and trees turn green. 春天到了，树木变绿。

bed [bed] n.[c]

1. a piece of furniture that you lie on when you sleep　床，床位：

The bed is comfortable to sleep in.

这床睡觉很舒服。

There are not enough beds in the hospital now.

现在这家医院床位不够。

2. a plot of ground prepared for plants　苗床，圃，花坛：

We planted a bed of roses by the garage.

我们在车库旁边修了个玫瑰花坛。

3. the bottom of a body of water　河床，海底：

the sea bed　海底

bedroom [‘bed9ru:m] n.[c]

a room which is used for sleeping in　卧室：

There are two small and a large bedrooms in their house.

他们家有两个小卧室和一间大卧室。

★bee [bi:] n.[c]

a black and yellow insect that live in large groups and that makes honey　蜜蜂：

a queen bee　蜂王

a worker bee　工蜂

I am as busy as a bee.

我非常忙碌。

beef [bi:f] n.

1. [U] the meat from a cow　牛肉：

Have a slice of roast beef.

请吃一块烤牛肉。

2. [c] an ox, cow, or bull in a full-grown or nearly full-grown state　肉牛(pl.beeves/beefs)：

They raise beeves to get money.

他们养肉牛赚钱。

beer* [biə] n.

1. [U] a type of alcoholic drink that is made from grain　啤酒：

She has a bottle of beer every day in summer.

夏季她每天喝一瓶啤酒。

2. [c] a type or glass of beer　一瓶（杯、罐）啤酒：

order two beers　叫两杯啤酒

before [bi’fɔ:]

Ⅰ prep.

1. earlier than　在……以前：

He never gets home before eleven.

十一点以前他从不回家。

before giving my answers, I’ll ask you some questions.

在我没作答以前我要问你几句话。

2. in front of　在……前面，当……的面：

We never quarrel before our parents or children.

我们从不当着老人和孩子的面吵架。

Ⅱ conj.

earlier than the time that　在……之前：

It was not long before I knew it.

我不久便知道了。

Ⅲ adv.

at an earlier time　从前，前面，早些时候：

She has never before had that feeling.

她从来没有过那种感觉。

beg [beɡ] vt.＆ vi.

1. to ask for charity　乞求，乞讨：

The blind man begged (for) money from passersby.

那盲人向过路人要钱。

The strong young man made a living by begging instead of working.

那位身强力壮的年轻人不是靠劳动而是靠乞讨谋生。

2. to ask strongly, or with great emotion　请求，恳求：

He begged a favour of me.

他恳求我帮忙。

begin [bi’ɡin] vt.＆ vi.

(began [bi’ɡæn], begun [bi’ɡʌn])

to start doing; to do the first part of　开始，着手：

It’s time to begin work.

该开工了。

【辨】begin, start:

①begin　表示实现目标的过程的开端：

I’ve read the book from beginning to end.

我已把这本书从头到尾读完了。

Our trade with africa began in the second century.

我们同非洲的贸易从二世纪就开始了。

②start　表示着手一项活动或运动：

We ought to be starting.

我们该动身了。

【派】beginner n.[c]

1. an inexperienced person　初学者：

This book is intended for beginners of English.

这书是为英语初学者编写的。

▲begin with　以……开始：

The teacher began his lesson with an interesting fable.

老师以一则有趣的寓言故事开始了他的课。

behalf** [bi’hɑ:f] n.[U]

（be-好处+ half　半）

interest, benefit　利益：

【同】advantage, benefit

▲on behalf of as the representative of sb or instead of them　代表，为了：

Don’t be uneasy on my behalf.

不要为我而不安。

Let me express our hearty thanks to you on behalf of my family.

让我代表全家向你表示衷心的感谢。

behave** [bi’heiv] vi.

（be-使+ have　拥有：自己拥有而表现出来）

1. to do things in a particular way　举止，举动，表现：

He behaved respectfully toward his superiors.

他对长者很恭敬。

behave badly　行为不端

【同】act, conduct

behavio(u)r* [bi’heiviə] n.[U]

1. the way that sb. behaves, especially towards other people　行为，举止；品行，待人的态度：

He is on his best behavio(u)r.

他行为极好。

2. the way a person an animal a plant a chemical etc. behave or functions in a particular situation　表现方式、活动方式：

the behavior of dolphins/chromosomes

海豚/染色体的习性

【辨】behaviour, conduct:

①behavior指在他人面前或特殊场合的行为，尤指交际上的细节：the student’s behaviour at school　学生的在校表现

②conduct指关于道德的行为，尤指品行　His conduct is beyond praise. 他的品行值得称颂。

【派】behavioural adj. 行为的

behind [bi’haind]

（be-在+ hind　后）

Ⅰ prep.

1. at or toward the back of sb./sth., and often hidden by it or them　在……后面：

The child hid behind the curtain.

那个孩子躲在窗帘后面。

Walk close behind me.

紧跟着我。

2. making less progress than sb./sth.落后于：

We’re behind schedule.

我们的工作进度落后了。

Ⅱ adv.

at or toward the back of sb./sth.在后，向后，落后：

He is never behind with his work.

他工作从不拖拉。

I left my umbrella behind.

我忘了拿我的雨伞了。

being** [‘bi:iŋ]

Ⅰ

1. [c] a living creature　生物，人：

a human being　人

a social being　爱社交的人

2. [U] existence　存在，生存：

We don’t know when the world came into being.

我们不知道这个世界是何时形成的。

Ⅱ vi.

present particular of be (be　的现在分词）：

That being the case, we had to give up our plan.

事既如此，我们只好放弃我们的计划。

The teacher insisted on the boy being punished.

老师坚持要惩罚这个孩子。

belief** [bi’li:f] n.[U][c]

1. a strong feeling that sth./sb. exists or is true; confidence that sth./sb. is good or right　相信，信心，信任，信仰：

Do you have much belief in his honesty?

你对他的诚实有很大的信心吗?

2. an opinion about sth.; sth. that you think is true　信念，信条，教条：

That is a mistaken belief.

那是错误的信条。

believe [bi’li:v] vt.＆ vi.

1. to feel certain that sth. is true or that sb. is telling you the truth　相信：

I don’t believe what he said.

我不相信他所说的。

They believe me to be innocent.

他们相信我是无辜的。

2. to think that sth. is true or possible, although you are not completely certain　认为：

I believe him (to be) right.

我认为他是对的。

▲make believe: to pretend that sth is true　假装

The boys made believe (that) they were pilots.

那些男孩装扮成飞行员。

bell [bel] n.[c]

an electrical device which makes a ringing sound when a button of it is pushed; the sound that it makes, used as a signal or a warning　铃，钟，电铃（声）：

Please ring the bell.

请按门铃。

belong* [bi’lɔŋ] vi.

1. to be owned by sb.属于，附属(to)：

The new magazine doesn’t belong to me.

这本新杂志不是我的。

2. to be part of a particular group, type, or system　应归入（类别、范畴等）：

I feel that I don’t belong here.

我觉得在此格格不入。

3. to be in the right or suitable place　应在（某处）：

Where do these plates belong?

这些盘子该放在哪里？

below [bi’ləu]

Ⅰ prep.

1. at or to a lower level or position than sb./sth. 在……下面，在……以下：

Shall I write my name on or below the line?

我应把名字刚好写在线上，还是线的下面?

2. of a lower amount or standard than sb./sth. 低于：

I hope the cost will be below a pound.

我希望费用低于一英镑。

Ⅱ adv.

at or to a lower level or position or place　在下面，向下：

From the hilltop we saw the blue ocean below.

从山顶上我们看见下面湛蓝的大海。

Please see the note below.

请参看底下的注释。

belt* [belt] n.[c]

1. a long narrow piece of leather, cloth, etc. that you wear around the waist　带，皮带，腰带：

I ate too much that I had to loosen my belt two holes.

我吃得太多，只好把腰带松开两个扣。

tighten one’s belt　系紧腰带

undo one’s belt　解开腰带

the conveying belt　输送带

fasten a seat belt　系紧安全带

2. an area with particular characteristics or where a particular group of people live　地带，产区，区域：

a forest belt　森林地带

a cotton belt　产棉区

【同】area, region, zone

bend** [bend]

Ⅰ vt. ＆ vi. (bent, bent [bent])

1. to make sth. that was straight into a curved shape　弯曲，使弯曲：

It is difficult to bend an iron bar.

要把铁棒扭弯很困难。

The branches were bending (down) with the weight of the fruit.

树枝被累累果实压弯了。

2. (esp. of sb.’s body or head) to lean or make sth. lean, in a particular direction （使）倾斜、偏向：

He bent and kissed her.

他低下头吻了她。

Ⅱ n. [c]

a curve or turn for example in a road　弯曲，弯曲处：

There was a sharp bend in the road.

路上有个急转弯。

【派】bender n.[c]弯曲物，弯曲者，折弯机　bendy adj. 易弯曲的

beneath* [bi’ni:θ]

1. or to a lower position than sb./sth.; under　在……下面：

The river flows beneath the old bridge.

小河从那古老的桥下流过。

The ground beneath my feet was soft.

我脚下的地面很柔软。

2. not good enough for sb.不值得，有失……身份，有损尊严：

It is beneath you to complain.

你犯不上抱怨。

【反】above, over

【同】below, under

★beneficial [9beni’fiʃəl] adj.

（bene- 好+ fic　做+ -ial　形容语后缀，对……能起好作用的）having a good or useful effect有利的，有益的：

Fresh air and good food are beneficial to the health.

新鲜空气和良好的食物有益于健康。

【同】favorable, profitable

【反】harmful

【派】beneficially adv.

benefit* [‘benifit]（bene-好+ fit　做）

Ⅰ n. [c][U]

1. an advantage or useful effect that sth. has　利益，好处，恩惠：

The book was of great benefit to you.

这本书对你大有帮助。

a public benefit　公益

We receive benefits from our parents and teachers.

我们受父母及师长的恩惠。

2. money provided by the government to people who need it, esp. to those who are sick or unemployed　救济金：

housing benefits　住房补助金

【同】help, interest, profit

Ⅱ vt. ＆ vi.

1. to produce a good or useful effect有益于，有利于

2. to gain advantage, receive benefit　获益，受益

beside [bi’said] prep.

1. at the side of,or next to sb.在……旁边，在……附近：

come and sit beside me.

来坐在我身边。

2. compared with　与……相比，比得上：

My share seems small beside yours.

我的这份与你的比起来，似乎少了些。

★besides [bi’saidz]

Ⅰ prep.

in addition to or as well as　除……之外：

There were four other visitors besides me.

除我以外，还有四位访客。

We have no other tools besides these.

除这些工具外，我们没有别的工具了。

Ⅱ adv.

in addition to; also　而且，还有，此外：

The task is very difficult, besides, time presses.

任务艰巨，而且时间紧迫。

best [best]

Ⅰ adj.

（good　的最高级） of the highest quality or level; most suitable　最好的：

This is the best TV play I have ever seen.

这是我看过的最好的电视剧。

Ⅱ adv.

（well　的最高级） to the most degree; most

adv.最，最好（地）：

Which song do you like (the) best?

你最喜欢哪首歌曲?

He laughs best who laughs last.

谁笑到最后，谁笑得最好。

Ⅲ n.

the greatest degree of good　最佳，至上；优秀品质：

to bring out the best in sb. 激发出某人的优秀品质

▲at (the) best　充其量，至多：

We can’t finish our work before eleven o’clock at best.

即使作乐观估计，我们在十一点以前也不能完成这项工作。

▲do/try one’s best　尽力，努力：

I will do my best to learn all these words by heart.

我将尽力把所有这些词记住。

▲get the best of　胜过：

after a long struggle we got the best of them.

经过长期较量，我们战胜了他们。

▲make the best of　充分利用，妥善处理：

Make the best of your limited time.

尽可能善用你有限的时间。

bet** [bet]

Ⅰ n. [c]

1. to risk the money on a race or an event by trying to predict the result　打赌，赌注，赌金，打赌的对象：

Ellis placed a bet on that horse.

埃利斯在那匹马上下了赌注。

Who has won the bet?

谁赌赢了?

2. used to tell sb what is the best action for them to take to get the result they want　猜测，意见，办法，对策：

Your best bet is to change your plan.

你的最好办法是改变计划。

Ⅱ vt. ＆ vi.

1. to risk money on the result of a race,game, competition, or other future event　赌，打赌：

He never betted.

他从来不打赌。

2. used to express certainty　敢说，肯定：

I bet he’ll be surprised to see me.

我敢说，他见到我会很惊讶。

better [‘betə]

Ⅰ adj.

of a higher standard or better quality　较好的，更好的：

Which is the better one of the two?

这两者中哪个更好一些?

Ⅱ adv.

to a greater degree　更好地：

The better I know her, the more I admire her abilities.

我对她了解愈深，就愈钦佩她的能力。

Ⅲ vt.

to be better or do sth. better than everyone else　改良，改善，改进：

better the people’s living conditions

改善人民的生活条件

【同】improve

Ⅳ n. [c]

sth. that is better　较佳者，较优者：

He decided to take the better.

他决定买较好的那个。

▲for the better　好转，改善：

The weather has taken a turn for the better.

天气好转了。

▲get the better of　打败，致胜：

She always get the better of these quarrels.

在这类争吵中她总是赢过别人。

▲had better　最好还是：

You’d better not make such a mistake again.

你最好别再犯这么愚蠢的错误。

between [bi’twi:n]

Ⅰ prep.

in or into the space separating two or more points,people,objects,etc.在（两者）之间：

You can only choose between these two.

你只能在这两者当中挑一个。

The Yalu River flows between china and the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea.

鸭绿江介于中朝两国之间。

Ⅱ adv.

used to show a connection or relationship　当中，中间：

I can see nothing between.

我看不出中间有什么东西。

beyond* [bi’jɔnd]

Ⅰ prep.

1. on or to the further side of sth.在……的那边，越过：

Don’t stay out beyond ten o’clock at night.

晚上十点以后不要在外面逗留。

The factory is beyond the bridge.

工厂在桥那边。

They flew beyond the alps.

他们飞越了阿尔卑斯山。

2. later than a particular time　迟于：

It is beyond half past eight.

现在过八点半了。

3. more than　超出：

Your work is beyond all praise.

你的成绩是赞扬不尽的。

It is beyond my understanding.

我理解不了。

Ⅱ adv.

on the other side　在那边，在远处：

There is nothing beyond.

再过去什么也没有了。

bicycle [‘baisikl] n.[c]

a road vehicle with two wheels that you ride by pushing the pedals with your feet　自行车：

Most of us go to school by bicycle.

我们大多数人骑自行车上学。

【派】bicyclist n.[c]骑自行车的人

big [biɡ] adj.

1. large in size,degree,amount,etc.大的，重大的，重要的，伟大的，自大的，年长的：

The elephant is the biggest animal in the zoo.

大象是动物园里最庞大的动物。

The coat is too big for me.

这外套太大，我不能穿。

He is a big man.

他是大人物。

I have a big piece of news to tell you.

我有重要新闻要告诉你。

He has big ideas.

他怀有野心。

You have made a big mistake.

你犯了严重错误。

2. generous　宽大的，大方的，充满……的：

a teacher should have a big heart.

老师应具有宽大的胸怀。

Why are your eyes big with tears?

你为什么眼含泪水?

This is a year big with successes for him.

今年是他不断成功的一年。

The dog is big with young.

那只狗怀着胎。

【同】large, great

【反】little, small

bike [baik]

Ⅰ I. n. [c]

a bicycle　自行车：

go to work by bike/on a bike　骑自行车上班

Ⅱ vi. ＆ vt.

1. to ride a bicycle　骑自行车：

She bikes to work every day.

她天天骑自行车上班。

2. to take something to someone by motorcycle in order to get it there quickly　用自行车或摩托车投递：

can you bike the photos over to us?

您能骑车给我们把照片送过来吗？

【派】biker n.[c]骑自行车的人

bill [bil] n. [c]

1. a written list showing how much you have to pay for services you have received, work that has been done etc. 账单，清单：

The bill for the repairs came to $650.

修缮的账单累积到了650美金。

Have you paid the electricity, gas and water bill?

你付水、电、气账单了吗？

2. a list showing how much you have to pay for food you have eaten in a restaurant　账单：

I’ll pay the bill.

我来付账。

3. a written proposal for a new law, which is brought to a parliament so that it can be discussed　议案，法案：

The senator introduced a bill that would increase the minimum wage.

参议员提出了一项提高最低工资的法案。

4. a piece of paper money　钞票：

The boss gave her a ten dollar bill as tip.

老板给她十美元作为小费。

billion** ['biljən] n./num.

1. the number 1,000,000,000 十亿：

a billion dollars　十亿美元

2. an extremely large number of things or people　数量巨大：

a billion stars shone in the night sky.

夜间繁星满天。

There are billions of things I want to say.

我想说的事情有很多。

biology** [bai'ɔlədʒi] n.[c]

the scientific study of living things　生物学：

He teaches biology in a high school.

他在一所高中教生物。

【派】biologist n. [c] 生物学者，生物学家

bird [bə:d] n.[c]

1. a creature with wings and feathers that can usually fly　鸟禽：

My neighbour keeps a pretty little bird.

我的邻居养了一只可爱的小鸟。

Kill two birds with one stone.

一箭双雕；一举两得。

birds of a feather flock together.

物以类聚。

2. a person of a specific kind or character　人，家伙：

a queer bird　怪人

birth [bə:θ] n.

1. [U] [c] the time when a baby is born; the process of being born　出生，分娩：

The baby weighed seven pounds at birth.

这婴儿出生时重七磅。

What is your date of birth?

你的生日是几号?

2. [U] a person’s origin or the social position of their family　出身，血统：

He is of noble birth.

他出身高贵。

He is English by birth although he was born in France.

他虽然生在法国，但系英国血统。

birthday [‘bə:θdei] n.[c]

the day in each year which is the same date as the one on which you were born　生日；诞生日：

It’s her seventeenth birthday tomorrow.

明天是她十七岁生日。

▲wish sb. a happy birthday　祝某人生日快乐

I just want to wish you a happy birthday.

我只想祝你生日快乐。

biscuit [‘biskit] n.[c]

1. a small flat dry cake, usually sweet,and baked until crisp [英]饼干，点心([美] cookie, cracker)：

Give me a biscuit.

给我一块饼干。

2. a soft bread roll, often eaten with gravy[美] 小面包，软饼

bit [bit] n.[c]

1. a part of sth. larger　一点，一片，一些：

I want to eat another bit of bread.

我想再吃一口面包。

He took some paper and bits of wood to make a fire.

他拿了一些纸和几片木头生火。

She gave me a bit of advice on how to improve my English.

她就如何提高英语给我提了些建议。

My glasses were broken into bits.

我的眼镜打成了碎片。

I don’t care a bit.

我毫不在乎。

He knows a bit of Spanish.

他懂点儿西班牙语。

2. (a bit) (used as an adverb) rather　稍微，有点：

I am a bit tired.

我有点累。

It costs a bit more than I wanted to spend.

比我预计的消费高了一点。

【同】piece

bite* [bait]

Ⅰ vt. ＆ vi. (bit [bit], bitten [‘bitn])

1. to use your teeth to cut into or through sth.咬，叮：

a piece has been bitten from the apple.

这只苹果已被咬掉一块。

2. if a fish bites, it takes food from the hook of a fishing line and may get caught（鱼）上钩；（人）听信花言巧语，受骗，上当：

The fish were biting well yesterday.

昨天钓到不少鱼。

I tried to bribe him, but he didn’t bite.

我试图贿赂他，但他不肯上当。

Ⅱ n. [c]

1. to wound sb. by making a small hole or mark in their skin　咬，叮：

The snake gave the farmer a deadly bite.

那条蛇咬了农夫致命的一口。

2. the act of a fish biting food on a hook （鱼）吞饵，上钩：

I had been fishing all afternoon but hadn’t got one bite.

我钓了一下午的鱼，但没有鱼上钩。

bitter** [‘bitə]

Ⅰ adj.

having a strong, unpleasant taste; not sweet（有）苦（味）的：

Good medicine is bitter to the taste.

良药苦口。

【反】delicious

【派】bitterness n.[U]苦味，痛苦，激烈：

The pay cut caused bitterness among the staff.

降低工资使职员们十分愤懑。

Ⅱ adv. bitterly in a way that shows feelings of sadness or anger　痛苦的，厉害的，辛酸的：

bitter cold　严寒

bitter experience　惨痛的经验

a bitter memory　痛苦的回忆

a bitter fighting　苦战

bitter tears　悲痛的眼泪

bitter winds　烈风

bitter words　刻薄的话

black [blæk]

Ⅰ adj.

having the very darkest colour, like night or coal　黑色的，黑暗的：

He likes to wear black suits.

他喜欢穿黑西服。

black as coal　漆黑

black coffee　清咖啡

a black future　暗淡的前途

in a black mood　情绪低落

black with anger　怒气冲冲

Ⅱ n.

1. [U] the very darkest colour, like night or coal　黑色：

Don’t call black white.

不要颠倒黑白。

black stands for mourning.

黑色表示哀悼。

2. [c] a member of a race of people who have dark skin　黑人

blackboard [‘blækbɔ:d] n.[c]

a large board with a smooth black or dark green surface that teachers write on with a piece of chalk　黑板

blame** [bleim]

Ⅰ vt.

to think or say that sb./sth. is responsible for sth. bad　责备：

He blamed me for my carelessness.

他责备我疏忽大意。

a dropped cigarette is being blamed for thefire.

一支乱扔的烟被指为引起这场火灾的罪魁祸首。

Ⅱ n.

responsibility for doing sth. badly or wrongly; saying that sb. is responsible for sth.罪过，责任，过失：

I always have to bear the blame.

我永远必须代人受过。

You should lay the blame on yourself for the accident.

这次事故应归罪于你自己。

▲be to blame:

to be at fault or be guilty of　该受责备

The children were not to blame for the accident.

那次事故怪不着孩子们。

blank** [blæŋk]

Ⅰ adj.

1. empty with nothing written, printed or recorded on it　空白的，空着的：

Write your name and address in the blank space.

在空白处写上你的名字和地址。

a blank tape　空白的录音带

【同】empty, hollow

2. showing no emotion, understanding, or interest　失色的，无表情的：

There was a blank look on his face.

他脸上毫无表情。

Ⅱ n. [c]

1. a state of not being able to remember anything　空白，空白处：

a blank in my memory

我记忆中的空白

2. an empty space on a printed form or document for you to write answers,information, etc.表格，空白表格：

an application blank　申请书

Fill in the blanks.

请填空。

3. empty surface; emptiness　空虚（的时间）：

Her husband’s sudden death has left a big blank in her life.

她丈夫的突然死亡使她觉得一切茫然空虚。

【派】blankly adv.；blankness n.

blanket** [‘blæŋkit] n.[c]

1. a large cover, often made of wool, used especially on beds to keep people warm　毛毯，毯子：

I laid a blanket over him.

我把毯子盖在他身上。

2. [usually sing.] a thick layer or covering of sth. 厚层；厚的覆盖层：

a blanket of snow

一片白雪

bleed** [bli:d] vi. ＆ vt.(bled, bled [bled])

1. to lose blood, especially from a wound or an injury　出血，流血：

He was bleeding to death.

他流血不止即将死去。

He was bleeding at/from the nose./His nose was bleeding.

他在流鼻血。

The soldiers fought and bled for the country.

战士们为国流血（牺牲）。

2. to take blood from sb. as a way of treating disease　给（某人）放血

3. to remove air or liquid from sth. so that it works correctly　放掉（气体或水以使某物运行正常）；抽干

4. to spread from one area of sth. to another area　散开；渗开：

Keep the paint fairly dry so that the colours don’t bleed into each other.

涂料尽量干一些，以免颜色相互渗透。

bless** [bles] vt.

(-ed/blest, -ed/blest [blest])

1. wish happiness or favour　祝福，保佑：

The priest blessed his flock at the church.

祭司在教堂中为教徒们祈福。

2. be fortunate in having（神）授予，赐予：

Fortune blessed him with success and victory.

命运之神赐他成功与胜利。

blind [blaind]

Ⅰ adj.

1. not able to see　瞎的：

He is blind in the right eye.

他右眼失明。

She wept her eyes blind.

她哭瞎了眼。

2. seeming to be unreasonable, and accepted without question; seeming to be out of control　盲目的：

He is blind with love.

他盲目地恋爱。

3. not noticing or realizing sth.缺乏眼光、判断力或了解力：

Mothers are sometimes blind to the faults of their children.

母亲们有时不能觉察孩子的过错。

Ⅱ vt.

1. to permanently destroy sb.’s ability to see　使失明：

He was accidentally blinded in one eye.

他意外弄瞎了一只眼睛。

I was blinded by smoke.

浓烟使我的眼睛看不见。

2. to make sb. no longer able to think clearly or behave in a sensible way　使失去判断力：

Her love blinded her to his faults.

爱情使她看不见他的缺点。

Ⅲ n. [c]

a covering for a window, especially one made of a roll of cloth that is fixed at the top of the window and can be pulled up and down　百叶窗：

Pull down the blinds.

放下百叶窗。

【派】blindly adv.; blindness n.

block [blɔk]

Ⅰ n. [c]

1. a large piece of a solid material that is square in shape and usually has flat sides　大块，大块木料（石料或金属）：

He cut up the meat on a large block of wood.

他在一个大木墩上切肉。

children’s building blocks　儿童积木

2. a group of buildings with streets on all sides　一排房屋，街区：

The bank is just two blocks away.

过两个街区就是银行。

The two buildings share the block.

这两栋建筑物整整占满了这个街区。

3. sth. that makes movement or progress difficult or impossible　阻塞，障碍物：

There was a block in the pipe and the water couldn’t flow away.

管子阻塞，水不畅通。

a road block　路障

a traffic block　交通阻塞

Ⅱ vt.

to stop sth. from moving or flowing through a pipe, a passage, a road, etc. by putting sth. in it or across it　阻塞，拦阻，封锁：

The hunters blocked up the hole of the beast.

猎人堵塞了兽穴。

The harbour was blocked by ice.

港口被冰封了。

blog* [ blɔɡ] n.[c]

a personal record that sb. puts on their website to give an account of their activities and their opinions, and discuss places on the Internet they have visited　博客

blood [blʌd] n.[U]

1. the red liquid that flows through the bodies of humans and animals　血，血液：

He gave his blood to his son.

他为儿子献血。

2. family origins　血统，宗族，门第：

one’s own flesh and blood　亲骨肉

blood is thicker than water.

血浓于水。

3. passion, temper　血气，气质：

His blood is up.

他在生气。

blouse [blauz] n.[c]

a top worn by women　女衬衫：

a cotton/silk/nylon blouse　女式棉/丝绸/尼龙衬衫

blow [bləu]

Ⅰ vt. ＆ vi. （blew [blu:], blown [bləʊn])

1. to move alone, flow as a current of air　吹（气），充气，打气：

When air is moving from north to south, a north wind is blowing.

当空气从北向南流动时，就刮北风。

He blew out the candle and went to bed.

他吹灭蜡烛就睡觉了。

2. if you blow a whistle, musical instrument,etc. or if a whistle, etc. blows, you produce a sound by blowing into the whistle, etc. （喇叭，口哨等）吹响，吹风：

He blew at his flute.

他吹起了笛子。

3. to break sth. open with explosives （使）爆炸，炸毁：

The soldiers blew up the bridge.

战士们将桥炸毁。

4. to spend or waste a lot of money on sth.（在某事物上）花大钱，挥霍：

He inherited over a million dollars and blew it all on drink and gambling.

他继承了一百多万美金，全部挥霍在饮酒和赌博上了。

5. to waste an opportunity　浪费（机会）：

You had your chance and you blew it.

你本来有机会，却没有抓住。

Ⅱ n. [c]

1. a hard hit with the hand, a weapon, etc. 打，打击：

He gave her a heavy blow with his fist.

他挥拳重重打了她一下。

2. a sudden event which has damaging effects on sb./sth., causing sadness or disappointment　打击；挫折：

Losing his job came as a terrible blow to him.

失业给他造成了沉重的打击。

blue [blu:]

Ⅰ adj.

1. having the colour of a clear sky or the sea/ocean on a clear day　蓝色的，青色的：

The sky was bright blue.

晴空万里。

2. looking slightly blue in colour because the person is cold or cannot breathe easily （由于冷或呼吸困难）发青的，青紫的：

My hands are blue with cold.

我的手冻得发青。

3. sad　伤心的，沮丧的，忧郁的：

She looks blue all day.

她整天显得忧心忡忡。

I am feeling rather blue.

我觉得有些沮丧。

Ⅱ n. [U][c]

1. the colour of a clear sky or the sea/ocean on a clear day　青色，蓝色：

The walls are of pale/light blue.

墙是浅蓝色的。

I think dark blue would be a suitable colour for the carpet.

我认为铺深蓝色的地板会很合适。

The man dressed in blue is handsome.

穿蓝衣服的那个人很英俊。

2. out of the blue: unexpectedly; without warning　出乎意料；突然；晴天霹雳：

The decision came out of the blue.

这个决定来得很突然。

board [bɔ:d]

Ⅰ n.

1. [c] a long,thin,flat piece of wood used for making floors,walls　板，木板：

boards can be used to make floors.

木板可用来做地板。

【同】wood

2. [c] a group of people who control an organization,company,etc　全体委员，委员会，部门：

He is a member of the advisory board.

他是顾问委员会委员。

the board of directors　董事会

2. [U] the meals that are provided when you stay in a hotel,etc.膳食，伙食：

Did you pay for room and board?

你付过房费和饭费了吗?

3. on board: in or on a ship or public vehicle　在船上；在公共交通工具上：

be on board　在船上

by the board　在舷外

We went on board the Queen Mary.

我们登上了玛丽皇后号。

Ⅱ vt.

to get on a plane, ship, bus, etc.上船/车/飞机：

They boarded the plane at 5 a.m.

他们早上5点上了飞机。

▲on board: on a ship or an aircraft　在船/飞机上：

as soon as we went on board, our ship left the port.

我们一上船，船就出港了。

boat [bəut]

Ⅰ n. [c]

a small vehicle that is used for travelling across water　小船，艇：

be (all) in the same boat　同舟共济

burn one’s boat　破釜沉舟

miss the boat　坐失良机

rock the boat　捣乱

Ⅱ vi.

to use a small boat for pleasure　泛舟，划船

body [‘bɔdi] n.[c]

1. the whole physical form of a person or an animal　身体，躯体，本体：

The boy has a strong healthy body.

这男孩有副强壮健康的身体。

2. an object　物体：

the heavenly bodies　天体

3. a dead person　尸体：

His body was brought back to china for burial.

他的尸体被运回中国埋葬。

4. a group of people　团体，群，批：

Large bodies of unemployed men marched through the streets demanding work.

大批失业者在街上游行要求工作。

【同】crowd, mass, team

5. the main part of sth.主体：

The wings are soldered to the body of the plane.

机翼焊在主机上。

boil** [bɔil] vt. ＆ vi.

to reach a high temperature where bubbles rise to the surface and the liquid changes to a gas（使）沸腾，（煮）沸，烧煮：

Water boils at 100℃.

水在100摄氏度时沸腾。

The kettle is boiling.

水壶里的水开了。

She boiled two eggs to feed her baby.

她煮了两个鸡蛋喂孩子。

bomb** [bɔm]

Ⅰ n. [c]

a container that is filled with material that will explode when it is thrown or dropped,or when a device inside it makes it explode　炸弹：

a time bomb　定时炸弹

an atomic bomb　原子弹

a tear-gas bomb　催泪弹

Ⅱ vt. ＆ vi.

to attack a city, etc. with bombs　轰炸，投弹：

The city was bombed.

该市遭轰炸。

bond** [bɔnd]

Ⅰ n. [c]

1. sth. that joins two or more people or groups of people together,such as a feeling of friendship　联结，结合（物），黏结（剂）：

We have the bonds of relationship.

我们有亲族关系。

the special bond between mother and child

母子间的独特关系

【同】link, tie

2. an agreement by a government or a company to pay you interest on the money you have lent　契约，公债，债券：

His word is as good as his bond.

他的话能够信任。

treasury bond　国库债券

a baby bond　小额债券

public bond　公债券

3. a document containing an agreement　契约，合同：

He has entered into a bond with that company.

他与那家公司缔结了合同。

Ⅱ v.

1. to join two things firmly together　使牢固结合：

This new glue bonds a variety of surfaces in seconds.

这种新型胶水可迅速粘牢各种材质的面板。

2. to develop or create a relationship of trust with sb. 建立互信关系：

Mothers who are depressed sometimes fail to bond with their children.

长期抑郁的母亲有时无法和孩子建立亲子关系。

bone* [bəun]

Ⅰ n. [c]

1. one of the hard parts inside the body of a person or an animal that are covered with muscle, skin, etc.骨，骨头：

Dogs like to eat bones.

狗喜欢吃骨头。

I broke a bone in my ankle while playing soccer.

我踢足球时伤到了脚踝骨。

a fish bone has stuck in his throat.

鱼刺哽在他的喉中。

2. [U] the substance that bones are made of　骨质（物）：

The sick man is all skin and bone.

这病人骨瘦如柴。

the bone handle of a knife　骨制刀柄

3. (pl.)remains, dead body　骨骼，遗骸，尸体：

His bones are buried on the hill.

他的遗骸葬在小山丘上。

Ⅱ vt.

to take the bones out of sth.剔骨

bonus** [‘bəunəs] n.[c]

1. a payment that is added to what is usual　奖金，额外津贴，退职金，奖赏：

The workers work heart and soul and get bonuses.

工人们全心全意地工作并获得奖金。

He has got not only a bonus but also a promotion, so he works even harder.

他既得到奖金又被提升，因此干劲儿更大了。

2. sth. good that you get in addition to what you except [口] 意外的赠品，意外之财：

I enjoy my job, and having my own office is an added bonus.

我喜欢自己工作，有自己的办公室更是意外的收获。

book [buk]

Ⅰ n. [c]

1. a set of printed pages that are held together in a cover so that you can read them　书，书籍：

You can’t open a book without learning something.

开卷有益。

2. a set of sheets of paper held together in a cover so that you can write on them　簿，本册：

a black address book　一本黑色的地址簿

3. a set of things such as stamps, matches,or tickets, held together inside a paper cover　账册，簿册：

a book of stamps　一小本邮票

a telephone book　电话号码簿

Ⅱ vt. ＆ vi.

1. to make arrangements to stay in a place,eat in a restaurant, go to a theatre etc. at a particular time in the future　预订，订（戏票、车票、房间等）：

He booked a seat on the aeroplane to London.

他预订了一张去伦敦的飞机票。

To get tickets, you have to book in advance.

要想买到票，你必须提前预订。

2. to arrange for someone to go to a hotel,fly on a plane etc. 为某人预订（酒店、航班等）：

Please book me a single room in my usual hotel.

请在我常去的那家酒店给我预订一个单人间。

I’ve booked you a flight on Saturday.

我已为您预订了周六的一个航班。

▲be booked up

①被预订一空：

The courses quickly get booked up.

这课程很快被预订一空了。

②很忙，没有档期：

I’m all booked up this week—can we get together next Friday?

这一周我没有档期——下周五小聚如何？

boost** [bu:st]

(boosted, boosted)

Ⅰ vt.

1. to make sth. increase or become better or more successful　使增长；使兴旺：

to boost exports/profits　增加出口；提高利润

to boost one’s confidence/morale　增强某人的信心/士气

2. to lift by pushing up from below　向上推起：

If you boost me up, I can just reach the window.

假如你托我一把，我正好可以够到窗户。

Ⅱ n. [c]

1. an increase or improvement　提高，增长：

a major boost to the economy　对经济的重大推动

2. a push from below　推力：

If I give you a boost, could you reach the window?

我从下面推你一下，你能否够得着那个窗子？

boot* [bu:t] n. [c]

1. a type of shoe that covers your whole foot and the lower part of your leg（长筒）靴：

football boots　足球鞋

a pair of boots　一双靴子

2. a space at the back of the car for carrying luggage or other goods　汽车行李箱

between the two countries.

这条河成了两国的分界线。

border** ['bɔ:də]

Ⅰ n. [c]

1. the official line that separates two countries, states, or areas, or the area close to this line　边界，国界：

We stopped at the border and showed our passports.

我们在边界停下，出示护照。

The criminal escaped over the border.

罪犯逃过了边界。

2. a band along or around the edge of something such as a picture or piece of material　边，边沿：

The handkerchief has a lace border.

那条手帕有蕾丝花边。

Ⅱ vt. ＆ vi.

if one country, state, or area borders another, it is next to it and shares a border with it　与……接壤：

china borders on Korea in the east.

中国东部与朝鲜接壤。

countries that border the Mediterranean

地中海沿岸国家

The new airport borders the city on the south.

新机场靠近城市的南面。

【辨】border, boundary:

①border　既可指具体的边界线，也可指边界线内一带的地方：The enemy are building up their offensive capacity along the border. 敌人在沿边境加强进攻能力。

②boundary　着重指领土的边界，标明清楚的分界线：The river forms the boundary bored [bɔ:d] adj.

1. tired and impatient because you do not think sth. is interesting,or because you have nothing to do　厌烦的；不满的；不感兴趣的：

I’m so bored.

烦死我了。

Leo was getting bored with the game.

里欧玩腻了这个游戏。

【辨】bored, boring:

①bored　描述个人的感觉：I hated school, and I was always bored. 我不喜欢学校，我总是感到很厌烦。

②boring　描述使人厌烦的事或情形：It was a very boring lesson.

这是一堂很无聊的课。

▲be bored with　对……感到厌倦

boring [‘bɔ:riŋ] adj.

not interesting in any way　令人厌烦的；乏味的；无聊的：

It gets boring just being at home all day.

一整天都待在家里很无聊。

【派】boringly adv.

born [bɔ:n]

1. when a person or animal is born,they come out of their mother’s body or out of an egg　出生：

be born　出生，诞生

I was born on a winter evening.

我生于一个冬天的晚上。

This invention was born of need.

这项发明是因需要而产生的。

2. someone who has a strong natural ability to do a particular activity or job　天生的：

He was a born poet.

他天生是个诗人。

borrow [‘bɔrəu] vt.＆ vi.

to use sth. that belongs to someone else and that you must give back to them later　借（用）：

Some people are good at borrowing, but bad at giving back.

有些人只借不还。

He went to town in borrowed clothes.

他穿着借来的衣服进城了。

【辨】borrow, lend

borrow　借入：I borrowed two books from the library. 我向图书馆借了两本书。

lend　借出：can you lend me your pen? 你能借我一下你的钢笔吗？

【派】borrower n.[c]借东西的人

boss [bɔs]

Ⅰ n. [c]

the person who employs you or who is in charge of you at work　工头，老板，上司：

His wife is the boss in the family.

他的妻子是一家之主。

He is the boss in the office.

他是这间办公室的主管。

Ⅱ vt.

to tell people to do things, give them orders etc., especially when you have no authority to do it指挥，支配：

Tom wants to boss the show.

汤姆想指挥一切。

Don’t try to boss me around!

别企图对我发号施令！

botanical** [bə’tænikəl] adj.

relating to plants or the scientific study of plants　植物（学）的

both [bəuθ]

Ⅰ pron.

used with plural nouns to mean “the two”or“the one as well as the other” 两个，二者：

both of the flowers are very beautiful./Theflowers are both very beautiful.

这两朵花都很漂亮。

both of us are tired.

咱俩都累了。

Ⅱ determiner.

两者的，双方的：

Hold it in both hands!

用两手拿着!

both these books are useful.

这两本书都有用。

▲both...and... 既……又……，两个都：

both you and I are wrong.

你和我都错了。

bottle [‘bɔtl]

Ⅰ n.

1. [c] a container with a narrow top for keeping liquids in, usually made of plastic or glass　瓶子：

collect bottles　收集瓶子

2. the amount of liquid that a bottle contains　一瓶（的量）：

two bottles of beer　两瓶啤酒

Ⅱ vt.

to put a liquid,especially wine or beer, into a bottle after you have made it　装瓶：

There was a shortage of bottled beer last week.

上周瓶装啤酒短缺。

bother** [‘bɔðə]

Ⅰ vt. ＆ vi.

1. to interrupt sb.; to talk to sb. when they do not want to talk with you　打扰，烦扰：

My daughter is always bothering me while I am writing.

我写东西的时候女儿老是打扰我。

Don’t bother me with stupid questions.

不要问一些愚蠢的问题来烦我。

2. to annoy,worry or upset sb.; to cause sb. trouble or pain　使烦恼；使不安：

Does it bother you that she earns more than you?

她比你挣的钱多，你是不是觉得不自在？

3. (often used in negative sentences and questions) bother(with/about sth.)to spend time and or energy doing sth. 花费时间精力做某事：

I don’t know why you bother with that crowd (= why you spend time with them).

我弄不懂你为什么和那伙人浪费时间。

He didn’t even bother to let me know he was coming.

他甚至连通知都没通知我他要来。

Ⅱ n.

[U] trouble or difficulty　麻烦，纠纷：

He caused much bother by losing his ticket.

他丢了票造成很大麻烦。

bottom [‘bɔtəm]

Ⅰ n.

1. [c] the lowest part of sth. 底，底部，底面：

There is some deposit in the bottom of theflask.

这只烧瓶的底部有沉淀物。

2. [U] the ground below the water in a lake,river, etc.海底，湖底，河床：

The ship sank to the bottom.

船沉入水底。

3. [c] the lowest position in a class, on a list etc. 排名最后的人，最末位置：

He is always at the bottom of the class.

他在班上总是垫底。

4. [c] the part of sth. that faces downwards and is not usually seen （朝下的）底，底面：

The manufacturer’s name is on the bottom of the plate.

厂家的名称在盘子背面。

5. at bottom: used to say what sb./sth. is really like　本质上；实际上：

Their offer to help was at bottom self centred.

他们提出要帮忙，这其实还是他们为自己考虑。

Ⅱ adj.

in the lowest,last or furthest place or position　底部的；最后的；尽头的：

the bottom line　最末一行

We came bottom with 12 points.

我们以12分垫底。

bounce** [bauns]

Ⅰ vi. ＆ vt.

(of a person) to jump up and down on doing sth./moving quickly away from a surface it has just hit or you make it to do this （使）反跳，（使）弹起，（使）跳起，欢蹦乱跳：

a rubber ball bounces well.

橡皮球弹力很好。

He bounced off/out of his chair.

他从椅子上跳了起来。

She was bouncing a ball.

她在拍球。

She bounced her baby on her knees.

她把小孩放在膝上上下颠动着玩。

Ⅱ n.

1. [c] the action of bouncing　跳起，弹回：

I caught the ball on the first bounce.

球一跳起来我就接住了。

2. [U] the energy that a person has　活力；精力：

all her old bounce was back.

她完全恢复了以往的活力。

bound** [baund]

Ⅰ vi.

1. bind　的过去式及过去分词

2. to run with long steps,especially in an enthusiastic way　跳跃着跑：

His dog came bounding to meet him.

他的狗跳着迎接他。

Her heart bounded with joy.

她内心欣喜若狂。

3. to form the edge or limit of an area　限制，束缚，形成……的界限：

You should bound your desires.

你应该抑制你的欲望。

Ⅱ n. [c]

a high or long jump　跳（跃）：

With one bound the deer vanished into the thick woods.

那头鹿跳了一下便消失在树林里。

【同】leap

Ⅲ adj.

1. travelling, or ready to travel, in a particular direction or to a particular place　准备/正在到……去的，开往……的：

The ship is bound for Finland.

此船要开往芬兰。

I’m bound for home.

我正要回家。

2. forced to do sth. by law, duty or a particular situation　被束缚的：

I am bound to my job.

我为工作所累。

3. certain or likely to happen, or to do or be sth. 理应……的，很可能会，必定的：

The plan is bound to succeed.

这计划一定会成功。

【同】certain

▲be bound to　必定，一定：

We were bound to find the lost child however difficult it was.

无论有多么困难，我们一定要找回那丢失的孩子。

boundary** [‘baundəri] n.[c]

（bound　界限+ -ary　名词后缀）

the real or imagined line that marks the limit or edges of sth. and separates it from other things or places; a dividing line　分界线，边界：

define boundaries　确定边界线

boundary condition　边界条件

boundary science　边缘科学

bow** [bau]

Ⅰ vt. ＆ vi.

1. to move your head or the top half of your body forwards and downwards as a sign of respect or to say hello or goodbye　鞠躬，弯身，点头：

It is the custom with the Japanese to bow when they meet their acquaintances.

碰到熟人鞠躬行礼是日本人的习惯。

The host bowed the guests in.

主人鞠躬迎接客人进屋。

They bowed their heads in prayer.

他们低头祷告。

He bowed his thanks.

他鞠躬致谢。

2. to move your head forwards and downwards　俯（首），低（头），弯（腰），屈（膝）：

She bowed her head (down) in shame.

她羞愧地低下了头。

3. to bend or make sth. bend（使）弯曲：

The pines bowed in the wind.

松树被风吹弯了。

Ⅱ n. [c] [bYu]

1. the act of bending your head or the upper part of your body forward in order to say hello or goodbye to sb. or to show respect　鞠躬：

exchange bows　相互鞠躬行礼

make a polite bow　恭敬地鞠躬

2. a weapon used for shooting arrows,consisting of a long curved piece of wood with a tight string joining its end. 弓（形）：

bend/draw the bow　拉弓

3. a knot with two loops and two loose ends which is used for decoration on clothes,in hair, etc. or for tying shoes　蝴蝶结：

She had a bow of pink ribbon in her hair.

她头上扎了个粉红带做的蝴蝶结。

4. the front part of a boat or ship　船首，舰首（常用复数）：

the post bow　左舷的船头

bowl [bYul]

Ⅰ n. [c]

1. a deep round dish with a wide open top,used especially for holding food or liquid　碗，钵：

She filled the bowl with rice.

她在碗里装满了饭。

2. the part of some objects that is shaped like a bowl　碗状物：

He filled the bowl of his pipe.

他把烟斗装满烟丝。

There’s plenty of sugar in the sugar bowl.

糖盒有许多糖。

Ⅱ vi.

1. to roll a ball in the games of bowls and bowling　滚球，投球

2. to move quickly in a particular direction,especially in a vehicle　迅速移动；快速行驶：

Soon we were bowling along the country roads.

我们不久便在乡村的公路上疾驰了。

bowling** ['bəuliŋ] n. [U]

an indoor game in which you roll a large heavy ball along a wooden track in order to knock down a group of pins (=wooden objects shaped like bottles) 保龄球：

Do you want to go bowling with us Friday?

你周五想和我们一起去打保龄球吗？

box [bɔks]

Ⅰ n. [c]

1. a container for putting things in, especially one with four stiff straight sides　盒，箱：

a wooden box　木箱

a cardboard box　纸板盒

the first-aid box　急救箱

a letter box　信箱

a lunch box　午餐盒

【同】case

2. the amount of something contained in a box　盒，满盒：

a box of chocolates　一盒巧克力

3. a small area of a theatre or court that is separate from where other people are sitting　包厢：

I have engaged a box in the theatre.

我已在剧院预订了包厢。

Ⅱ vt. ＆ vi.

to fight someone as a sport by hitting them with your closed hands inside big leather gloves　拳击：

John and Paul boxed with each other.

约翰和保罗比赛拳击。

▲box somebody’s ears　打某人耳光

She boxed the servant’s ears.

她打仆人耳光。

boxing* ['bɔksiŋ] n. [U]

the sport of fighting while wearing big leather gloves　拳击（运动）

boy [bɔi] n. [c]

1. a male child, or a male person in general　男孩，少年：

You are a big boy now.

你现在是个大孩子了。

2. a son　儿子：

I have two boys and a girl.

我有两个儿子和一个女儿。

3. a male servant or worker　男服务员，男仆：

He gave the boy two dollars for tip.

他给侍者两美元小费。

brain [brein] n.

1. [c] the organ inside your head that controls how you think, feel, and move　脑：

The human brain is a complex organ.

人脑是一复杂的器官。

2. [c] [U] the ability to think clearly and learn quickly　头脑，智能（多用复数，也可用作不可数名词）：

It takes as much brains and sensibility to appreciate the ninth symphony.

欣赏第九交响乐要有一定的音乐才能和对音乐的敏感性。

come on, use your brain, John.

拜托，动动脑子吧，约翰。

3. [c] someone who is intelligent, with good ideas and useful skills有才华的人，智囊团（常用复数）：

Some of the best brains in our country are here tonight.

今晚出席的人中有一些是我们国家智商最高的。

branch* [brɑ:ntʃ]

Ⅰ n. [c]

1. a part of a tree that grows out from the trunk and that has leaves, fruit, or smaller branches growing from it　树枝，分枝：

He hid among the branches.

他藏在树枝里面。

2. a local business, shop etc. that is part of a larger business etc. 分部，分店：

The bank has branches in all parts of the country.

该银行在全国各地皆有分行。

3. one part of a large subject of study or knowledge （学科）分科，部门：

He is well versed in the higher branches of military knowledge.

他精通各种高级军事知识。

4. a smaller less important part of a river,road, or railway that leads away from the larger more important part of it　支流，支脉，支线：

The Ohio River has two main branches.

俄亥俄河有两条主要支流。

The rail company will open a branch line to Linyi.

铁路公司将开一条通往临沂的支线。

Ⅱ vi.

to divide into two or more smaller, narrower,or less important parts　分岔：

Follow this road south until it branches into two.

沿此路南下直到路分岔处。

brave [breiv] adj.

dealing with danger, pain, or difficult situations with courage and confidence　勇敢的：

as brave as a lion　如狮子般勇猛

【派】bravely adv.; braveness n.

【辨】bold, brave:

①bold　着重指大胆，也有“冒失”的含义：If I may be so bold as to suggest that he made a mistake in his calculations. 恕我冒昧说，他的计算有个错误。

②brave　强调在危险面前无所畏惧：It was brave of him to enter the burning building. 他敢于进入那燃烧的楼房真是勇敢。

bread [bred] n. [U]

a type of food made from flour and water that is mixed together and then baked　面包：

I ate several slices of bread and peanut butter.

我吃了几片涂花生酱的面包。

He earns his bread by writing.

他靠写作谋生。

break [breik]

Ⅰ vt. ＆ vi. (broke[brəʊk], broken['brəukən])

1. separate into two or more pieces　打破，打碎，折断：

Glasses breaks easily.

玻璃杯易碎。

I had to break a window to get into the house.

我不得不打破窗子进入屋内。

2. to stop something from continuing　使（突然）中断，打断：

The railway communication is broken.

铁路交通中断了。

break one’s journey　中途下车

3. to disobey a rule or law　破坏，违反：

He was fined for having broken the traffic regulations.

他因违反了交通规则而受罚。

4. to not do something that you have promised to do or signed an agreement to do　食言：

She accused her father of having broken his promise of buying her a bike.

她指责父亲不履行给她买自行车的诺言。

Ⅱ n. [c]

1. an act of breaking sth.; the point where sth. is broken　打破，破损，裂缝，骨折：

There is a break in the wall.

墙上有道裂缝。

2. an interruption of a continuity　打断，中止：

a break in the conversation　谈话中断

3. a period of time when you stop working in order to rest, eat etc. 暂停，工/课休：

Let’s have a ten-minute break.

我们休息十分钟吧。

【同】pause, rest

▲break away (from) 脱离，逃跑：

The boy broke away from his mother and ran away.

这男孩挣脱妈妈跑掉了。

▲break down　损坏，分解，瓦解：

Our car broke down on our way home.

在回家的路上，我们的车坏了。

chemicals in the body break our food down into useful substances.

人体内的化学物质把食物分解成有用的成分。

Peter broke down and wept when his mother died.

彼得的母亲去世了，他失声痛哭。

▲break in

①闯入，强行进入：

The thief broke in while the family was away.

趁这家人不在，小偷闯了进来。

②打断，插语：

It’s not polite to break in while others are speaking.

别人说话时，插嘴是不礼貌的。

▲break into　闯入：

They broke into the bank and stole a lot of money.

他们闯入银行，偷走了很多钱。

▲break off断绝，结束：

He said he had no intention of breaking off relations with them.

他说他无意和他们断绝关系。

▲break out　爆发，突然出现，逃出：

When did the Second World War break out?

第二次世界大战是何时爆发的?

The prisoner broke out of the prison.

囚犯从狱中逃脱。

▲break through　突破：

Our troops had little difficulty in breaking through the enemy lines.

我们的部队毫不费力地冲破了敌人的防线。

▲break up

①中止，结束：

The meeting broke up without result.

会议没有结果就结束了。

②打碎，拆散：

Sentences can be broken up into clauses, and clauses into phrases.

句子可以分成分句，分句可以分成短语。

③（学校等）期终放假：

The Spring Festival is drawing near, so our school will break up for the winter holidays soon.

春节快要到了，我们学校就要放寒假。

breakfast ['brekfəst] n. [U][c]

the meal you have in the morning　早餐：

I had two eggs, a slice of bread and a bowl of milk for breakfast.

早饭我吃了两个鸡蛋、一块面包，喝了一碗牛奶。

breast** [brest]

Ⅰ n. [c]

1. one of the two round raised parts on a woman’s chest that produce milk when she has a baby　乳房：

a baby at the breast　乳儿

past the breast　已断乳的

2. the part of your body between your neck and your stomach　胸脯，胸膛：

Don’t put your money in the breast pocket.

不要把钱放在上衣口袋里。

【辨】breast, chest:

①breast指胸部的前面，特指乳房：breast cancer　乳腺癌。

②chest指肋骨所包围的部分，内分泌，肺器官：Leaning up on his broad chest, she felt she was the happiest in the world. 贴在他宽广的胸部，她感到自己是世上最幸福的人。

Ⅱ vi. ＆ vt.

1. face and move forwards against or through sth. 挺胸面对，慨然承担：

I watched her breast the wave.

我看见她挺胸搏浪。

2. to reach the top of a hill or slope　攀登顶峰

breath** [breθ] n.

1. [U] the air that you send out of your lungs when you breathe　呼吸，气息

2. [c] an amount of air that you take into your lungs　一口气:

How long can you hold your breath ?

你能屏住呼吸多长时间?

Please take a deep breath.

请做深呼吸。

3. a slight movement of air　微风，轻风，声息，气息：

There wasn’t a breath of air/wind.

一丝微风都没有。

We can feel a breath of spring.

我们能感觉到春天的气息。

▲catch one’s breath　屏息，歇口气：

The wonderful game made me catch my breath.

精彩的比赛使我屏息而看。

Let me sit down for a moment while I catch my breath.

让我坐下来喘口气吧。

▲hold one’s breath　屏气；屏息以待

He held his breath while the results were read out.

宣读结果时，他屏住了呼吸。

▲ out of breath　上气不接下气，喘不过气 来：

I was out of breath with running.

我跑得上气不接下气。

▲take sb’s breath away　令人惊叹；让人叹绝

My first view of the island from the air took my breath away.

我第一眼从空中看到这个岛时，叹赏不已。

breathe* [bri:ð] vi. ＆ vt.

to take air into your lungs and send it out again　呼吸，吸入：

He breathed a sigh of relief.

他放心地松了一口气。

It’s healthy to breathe deeply.

做深呼吸对身体有益。

He has formed the habit of going out to breathe the fresh air every morning.

他养成了每天早晨到户外呼吸新鲜空气的习惯。

brick** [brik]

Ⅰ n. [c] [U]

a hard block of baked clay used for building walls, houses etc. 砖，砖块，砖状物：

He lives in a house made of red bricks.

他住在一所红砖造的房子里。

They are baking bricks.

他们在烧砖。

lay bricks　砌砖

a brick wall　一道砖墙

The dictionary is one and a half bricks thick.

这词典有一砖半厚。

I hope I am not making bricks without straw.

但愿我不是在做劳而无功之事。

bride** ['braid] n. [c]

a woman at the time she gets married or just after she is married　新娘：

The bride was wearing white.

新娘穿着白色礼服。

bridegroom** ['braidɡrum] n. [c]

a man at the time he gets married, or just after he is married　新郎

bridge [bridʒ]

Ⅰ n.

1. [c] a structure built over a river, road etc. that allows people or vehicles to cross from one side to the other　桥，桥梁：

Many bridges span the Thames.

泰晤士河上有许多桥。

They crossed the river by the bridge.

他们由桥上过了河。

2. a thing that provides a concern or contact between two different things　桥梁，纽带：

culture exchanges are a way of building bridges between countries.

文化交流是各国之间建立联系的纽带。

3. [U] a card game for four players who play in pairs　桥牌（一种纸牌游戏）

Ⅱ vt. ＆ vi.

1. build a bridge　架桥：

The valley was originally bridged by the Romans.

那条峡谷上的桥最早是古罗马人修建的。

2. to reduce or get rid of the difference between two things　克服困难/障碍等：

to bridge over the difficulties

克服困难，渡过难关

She managed to bridge the gap between ballet and modern dance.

她设法弥合了芭蕾和现代舞之间的差距。

brief* [bri:f]

Ⅰ adj.

1. continuing for a short time　短暂的：

a brief life　短暂的人生

a brief visit　短暂的访问

2. using very few words or including few details　简短的：

He is brief of speech.

他说话简单扼要。

Ⅱ vt.

to give someone all the information about a situation that they will need　简短介绍，简要汇报：

He briefed his boss on the work.

他将工作情况简单地向上司做了汇报。

▲ in brief　简言之：

news in brief　简讯

comments in brief　短评

In brief the matter stands thus.

简言之，事实是这样的。

【派】briefly adv.; briefness n.

bright [brait] adj.

1. shining strongly, or with plenty of light　明亮的，辉煌的：

It was a bright and clear day.

那是一个晴朗明媚的日子。

The leaves on the trees are bright green in spring.

春天树上的叶子是翠绿的。

bright stars　闪亮的星

2. if the weather is bright, the sun is shining and there is a lot of light　阳光明媚的：

a bright sky　晴空

【同】clear, glow

【反】dim, dull

3. happy and full of energy　欢快的，美好的：

Her face was bright with happiness.

她喜气洋洋。

The children’s bright laughter could be heard throughout the house.

整个房间都能听到孩子们的欢笑声。

4. intelligent and able to learn things quickly　聪明的，伶俐的：

a bright boy learns quickly.

聪明孩子学得快。

【同】brilliant, wise

【反】 dull

【派】brightly adv.; brightness n. [U]光辉，明亮；活泼，愉快；伶俐

brilliant** [‘briljənt] adj.

1. full of light; shining intensely　光辉的，灿烂的：

The lights were far too brilliant.

灯光太耀眼了。

a brilliant example　光辉的榜样

brilliant sunshine　灿烂的阳光

2. having or marked by unusual and impressive intelligence　卓越的，才华横溢的：

brilliant leadership　英明的领导

a brilliant scientist　卓越的科学家

a brilliant idea　高明的主意

【派】brilliantly adv.

The shops were brilliantly lit up.

那些商店灯光明亮。

bring [briŋ] vt.

(brought, brought [brɔ:t])

1. to take sth. or sb. with oneself somewhere　带来，拿来：

The monkey was brought over from Japan to china.

这只猴子被从日本带到中国。

2. to cause to happen or to occur as a consequence　引起，导致：

The sad news brought tears to her eyes.

噩耗使她不断流泪。

3. to cause to come into a particular state or condition　导致，引致，招来（某人）：

Gambling brought him to ruin.

赌博导致他身败名裂。

The child’s cry for help brought the neighbours running.

邻居听到孩子的呼救声都跑来了。

【辨】bring, fetch:

①bring“拿来”，与take　相反，和　to　连用时其后接好的事情，和　on　连用时，其后接坏的事情：The news brought misfortune on us.

这消息给我们带来厄运。

②fetch“去拿来”，“去领来”，go or come after and bring or take back，与get　意义差不多：Shall I fetch some chalk? 我去拿些粉笔好吗?

▲bring about

带来，造成：What brought the quarrel about?

何以引起争吵?

▲bring down

①打倒，挫伤：The wind brought down a number of trees.

大风刮倒了好几棵树。

②降低：bring down the price　降价

▲bring forth

产生，提出：What will the future bring forth?

将来结果怎样?

▲bring forward

提出：Please bring the matter forward at the next meeting.

请将此问题在下次会议提出讨论。

▲bring out

①取出，拿出：He brought the old lady out to breathe fresh air.

他把老太太领出来呼吸新鲜空气。

②使显出，显示：Difficulties can bring out a person’s best qualities.

困难时刻能显示出一个人的最佳品质。

③公布，出版：When will the book be brought out?

这书何时出版?

▲bring to

使恢复知觉：She was brought to life by artificial respiration.

用人工呼吸的方法将她救活了。

▲bring up

①教育，培养，使成长：We should bring up our children to be considerate of others.

我们应教育孩子关心别人。

②提出（议题）：Don’t bring up that embarrassing topic.

不要提出那个令人尴尬的话题。

③呕吐：He brought up everything he had for supper.

他把晚饭吃的东西全吐了出来。

britain [‘britn] n.

the island containing England. Scotland and Wales　不列颠，英国

british [‘britiʃ]

Ⅰ adj.

connected with the United Kingdom of Great britain and Northern Ireland or the people who live there the people of the United Kingdom　大不列颠（人）的，英国（人）的：

british English　英国英语

Ⅱ n.

(the british)英国人

broad* [brɔ:d] adj.

1. having great (or a certain) extent from one side to the other　宽的，广阔的：

The river is a mile broad here.

这儿河面有一英里宽。

【同】vast, wide

vast: Farmers own vast stretches of land.

农场主们拥有广阔土地。

wide: The road is only one lane wide.

这条路只有一个车道那么宽。

【反】narrow

She had long, narrow feet.

她有一双瘦长的脚。

2. broad in scope or content　广大的，广泛的：

The broad masses of the people of the world want friendship with china.

世界上广大人民愿和中国友好。

3. not limited in thought, ideas etc. 宽宏的，豁达的：

Our headmaster is a man of broad views.

我们的校长是一个豁达明理的人。

【派】broadly adv.; broadness n.

【辨】broad, wide:

①broad指向两边延伸广度，着重指幅面宽广。形容肩、胸、背时，只能用　broad: The man is tall and broad. 那人身高肩宽。

②wide　着重指两边或点之间的距离。形容眼界时，只能用　wide: The street is not very wide.这条街不很宽。

broadcast** [‘brɔ:dkɑ:st]

（broad　广阔的+ -cast　播，掷：大面积播出）

Ⅰ vt. ＆ vi. (broadcast, broadcast/-ed[id])

to broadcast over the airwaves, as in radio or television （用无线电或电视）广播：

The President will broadcast his message on all stations tonight.

总统今晚将向全国广播咨文。

(The) cbS broadcasts the news at 7 p.m..

哥伦比亚广播公司在下午七时播报新闻。

The Prime Minister will broadcast this evening.

首相今晚发表广播/作电视演说。

【同】announce

He will announce tonight that he is resigning from office.

他今晚将宣布辞职。

Ⅱ n. [c]

message that is transmitted by radio or television　广播，广播节目：

They are listening to the broadcast of world news.

他们正在收听国际新闻广播。

a broadcast of a baseball game　棒球赛广播

Ⅲ adj.

on air　广播的，播音的（定）：

broadcast programs　广播节目

【派】broadcaster n.[c]播种机，广播电台，广播装置，广播员

brochure* [‘bruʃə] n.[c]

a small book usually having a paper cover　小册子：

I picked up a copy of their summer travel brochure.

我得到他们的一本夏日旅游指南。

brother [‘brʌðə] n.[c]

1. a man or boy who has the same parents as another person　兄弟，同胞：

They have made brothers with me.

他们已与我结为兄弟。

He is a brother by my mother’s side so I should call him uncle.

他是我母亲的兄弟，所以我该叫他舅舅。

2. (informal) a man who you feel close to because he is a member of the same society,group, etc. as you　同事，伙伴，同业者：

a brother in arms　战友

He was greatly respected by his brother officers.

他深受军官同僚的敬重。

【派】brotherhood n.

①[U] a feeling of great friendship and understanding between people　兄弟关系，同胞爱，友好关系

②[c]同业，公会，协会，团体，全体同道

brotherless adj.

无兄弟的

brotherly adj.

兄弟的，如兄弟的，友情深厚的

brother-in-law n.[c]姐夫，妹夫，内兄，内弟，夫兄，夫弟，连襟

brown [braun]

Ⅰ adj.

(of) the colour of earth or wood　褐色的，棕色的：

She dyed her hair brown.

她把头发染成了棕褐色。

brown bread　黑面包

brown paper　牛皮纸

brown sugar　红糖

brown ware　陶器

Ⅱ n. [c]

the colour of earth or coffee　褐色，棕色（颜料）：

light/dark brown　浅/深褐色

do brown　把（面包）烤成褐色

Ⅲ vt. ＆ vi.

to become or make sth. become brown　使……呈现褐/棕色；呈现褐/棕色：

She browned the pie in the oven.

她用烤箱把馅饼烤成焦黄。

brush [brʌʃ]

Ⅰ n. [c]

1. an object that is used for cleaning things, painting, tidying your hair, etc.小刷子，毛刷，电刷：

a paintbrush　画笔

a hairbrush　发刷

a toothbrush　牙刷

2. an act of brushing　刷：

to give your teeth a good brush　好好刷一刷牙

Ⅱ vt.

1. to remove sth. with a brush or with the hand, as if using a brush　刷，擦，拂，掸：

brush your teeth twice a day.

每天刷两次牙。

The light wind gently brushed my cheek。

和风轻拂我的面颊。

【同】clean, wipe

2. to touch sb./sth. lightly when passing　擦过，掠过：

The taxi brushed the bumper of my car.

那辆出租车疾驰擦过我车子的保险杠。

budget** [‘bʌdʒit]

Ⅰ n. [c]

a plan of how to spend an amount of money over a particular period of time; the amount of money that is mentioned　预算；经费：

a family budget　家庭预算

The minister’s budget must be approved by the Prime Minister.

部长的预算需经首相同意。

to plan carefully how much money to spend on sth.编预算：

He budgeted for buying a new house.

他为买新房子作了下预算。

buffet** [‘bʊfeɪ]

Ⅰ n. [c]

1. a meal (usually at a party or a special occasion) at which food is placed on a long table and people serve themselves　自助餐：

Lunch was a cold buffet.

午餐是自助冷餐。

2. part of a train or a place at a station where passengers can buy food and drinks　火车便餐柜台； 简便餐车

Ⅱ vt.

to knock or push sth. in a rough way from side to side　来回推搡，打来打去：

The boat was buffeted by the rough sea.

波涛汹涌，拍击着船只。

build [bild]

Ⅰ vt. ＆ vi. (built, built[bilt])

1. to make sth. by putting pieces, materials,etc. together　造，建筑：

a bird is building a nest out of twigs.

一只小鸟正在用小树枝筑巢。

The house is built of stones.

这座房屋是石头造的。

2. to develop or increase sth.建设，建立（事业），增进（健康），锻炼（体格）：

build socialism with chinese characteristics　建设有中国特色的社会主义

These aircraft are cheep and simple to build, to operate, and to maintain.

这种飞机价格低，制造、操作及维修都简单。

【反】destroy

【辨】build, erect, construct, found

①build指比较大型或宏伟的建筑：build a building　建楼

②erect　与build　同义，但是个雅语：a monument was erected here. 一座纪念碑矗立于此。

③construct常指建筑桥梁、铁路等：The railway was constructed by the local people. 这段铁路是由当地人建造。

④found　特指创立国家、政府、法律、制度等：When was the People’s Republic of china founded? 中华人民共和国是何时成立的?

Ⅱ n. [U][c]

the shape and size of sb.’s body　造型，构造，体格：

These vessels are of European build.

这些船是欧式的。

He is a man of strong build.

他是个体格健壮的男子汉。

▲build up

①树立，逐步建立

We must build up a modern army and navy.

我们必须建立一支现代化的陆军和海军。

build up friendship　建立友谊

②to increase or develop sth. over a period of time　增进，锻炼

When sick, you must rest to build up your health.

身体有病时要休息，以增进健康。

building [‘bildiŋ] n.

1. [c] a structure, such as a house, shop or school, that has a roof and walls　建筑物，房屋：

The college buildings are really beautiful.

学院的大楼的确漂亮。

a pyramid is a stone building.

金字塔是石头建筑物。

2. [U] the process or business of making buildings　建筑：

business in building was dull in those years.

那几年建筑业生意萧条。

The building of the hotel took ten months.

那家旅馆花了十个月才建好。

building materials　建筑材料

【辨】building, structure

①building是普通用语，不强调建筑物的大小、用处、式样等

From the hill we could see the buildings in the city.

从山上我们可以看见城市中的建筑物。

②structure　着重指其构造的“式样”或“用处”等：

The new library is a fireproof structure.

这所图书馆是一座有防火设备的建筑物。

bunch** [bʌntʃ] n.[c]

1. a number of things tied or fastened together　串，束，捆：

a bunch of flowers　一束花

He found a bunch of keys on the playground.

他在操场上捡到一串钥匙。

2. a group　一群，一伙：

a bunch of girls were sitting on the grass.

一群女孩坐在草地上。

burn [bə:n]

Ⅰ vt. ＆ vi. (burnt [bə:nt]/-ed[d])

1. to be on fire　燃烧，使燃烧；着火，使着火：

Oil burns at a certain temperature.

油在一定温度下会燃烧。

The house was burned to ashes.

那栋房子被烧成了灰烬。

He burnt the candle on the cake.

他点燃了蛋糕上的蜡烛。

2. to be destroyed,damaged or injured by fire or heat（使）烧焦，晒黑：

The meat has burned.

肉烧焦了。

White skin burns easily.

白皮肤容易晒黑。

3. to destroy, damage or injure sb./sth. with fire or heat　烧伤，烫伤：

She burned her hand on the hot pan.

她的手被热锅烫伤了。

4. to produce light（灯、照明等）点着，发亮，发光：

The light was burning at the gate.

大门口的灯亮着。

5. to feel very hot and painful　发热，发烧，发烫：

He burned with fever.

他因发烧而身体发烫。

6. to be filled with a very strong feeling（感情）激动起来，兴奋，发火，热切期盼：

He was burning to get married to her.

他极想与她成婚。

Ⅱ n. [U][c]

damage or an injury caused by fire or heat　烧伤，灼伤，烧焦，晒伤

▲burn down:全部焚毁

The building (was) burnt down and only ashes were left.

那座楼烧得只剩下灰烬。

▲burn out　烧掉，烧化

The fuse was burned out.

保险丝烧断了。

▲burn up

①烧起来，旺起来：

He threw a log on the fire, and it burned up with a crackle.

他往火上加了根木棍，火噼里啪啦地烧旺了。

②烧尽，烧完：

The sad girl burned up all the letters from him.

那伤心的女孩烧尽了所有他写的信。

bury ['beri] vt.

1. to put someone who has died in a grave　埋葬，安葬：

Many great Englishmen are buried in Westminster abbey.

许多英国伟大人物都埋葬在西敏寺。

2. to put something under the ground,often in order to hide it　埋藏，遮盖：

Electric cables are buried beneath the streets.

电缆深埋街道下面。

▲ bury oneself in to give all your attention to something　专心于，埋头于：

He buried himself in reading.

他埋头读书。

【派】burying n. 埋葬，埋；埋藏

bus [bʌs] n. [c]

a large vehicle that people pay to travel on　公共汽车：

bus No.9 arrived.

九路公共汽车来了。

He goes to work by bus.

他乘公共汽车上班。

business ['biznis] n.

(busy　忙碌+ -ness　名词后缀：整天忙于的事情)

1. [U] the activity of making money by producing or buying and selling goods,or providing services　商业，生意：

The firm closed business for christmas holiday.

该公司圣诞节停止营业。

We have business connection with that company.

我们和那家公司有生意往来。

2. [U] what someone should be involved in　事务，业务，职责：

It’s a student’s business to study.

读书是学生的本分。

I’ll make it my business to see about the matter.

我要负责查询这件事。

【同】duty, employment, job

3. [c] an organization such as a company,shop, or factory that produces or sells goods or provides a service　生意，公司：

They don’t know how to run a business.

他们不懂如何开公司。

▲on business　因公：

He was going to Europe on business.

他要去欧洲出差。

busy ['bizi]

Ⅰ adj.

1. if you are busy, you are working hard and have a lot of things to do　忙的，忙碌的：

He is busy getting ready for the journey.

他正忙于准备旅行。

a busy day　忙碌的一天

【反】free

2. a busy place is very full of people or vehicles and movement　拥挤的：

We live on a very busy road.

我们住在一条拥挤的街道上。

Ⅱ vt.

to use your time dealing with something　忙于做：

He busied himself (in) writing.

他忙于写作。

▲busy with/at　忙于：

I’m rather busy with/at some special work at present.

目前我正忙着干一件特殊的工作。

Mr. clinton is busy with a customer at the moment.

克林顿先生正忙着招呼顾客。

▲busy doing something

Rachel’s busy studying for her exams.

瑞秋正在忙于考试。

but [bʌt]

Ⅰ conj.

1. used for Introducing an idea which contrasts with or is different from what has just been said　可是，而：

The teacher is young but experienced.

这位老师虽然年轻，但经验丰富。

2. however, and yet　除……外：

I had no choice but to sign the contract.

我别无选择，只好签了合同。

Ⅱ prep.

except　除……外：

Who but a fool would do such a thing?

除了傻瓜，谁会干这件事?

They are all wrong but me.

除我以外，他们全错了。

next but one/two　隔一/两个

last but three　倒数第三

Ⅲ adv.

only　不过，只，才：

He is but a child.

他不过是个孩子。

We can but try.

我们只能尝试一下。

【辨】besides, but, except:

①besides　强调“除……之外还有”：There are many others besides me.

除我之外，还有许多其他人。

②but　着重指不计算在内：Nobody was left in the parking but me.

除我之外，停车场上已经没有人了。

③except　着重指排除在外：I like all drinks except Whisky.

除了威士忌以外，我什么酒都喜欢。

▲but for　如果没有，若非：

She would have fallen but for his sudden grasp.

要不是他一把抓住，她就摔倒了。

butcher** [‘butʃə]

Ⅰ n. [c]

1. a person who owns or works in a shop which sells meat　卖肉者；肉贩

2. a person who kills people in a cruel and violent way　屠杀者，残杀者；刽子手

Ⅱ vt.

1. to kill people in very cruel and violent way　屠杀；残杀

2. to kill animals and cut them up for use at meat　屠宰（牲畜）

butter ['bʌtə]

Ⅰ n. [c]

a solid yellow food made from milk or cream that you spread on bread or use in cooking　黄油，奶油：

I like jam on my bread and butter.

我喜欢吃果酱面包和黄油。

butter to butter is no relish.

黄油加黄油不成美味；千篇一律的东西会令人生厌。

artificial butter　人造黄油

Ⅱ vt.

to spread butter on something　在……上涂奶油：

Mother buttered the bread for her child.

妈妈给孩子的面包涂上黄油。

button [‘bʌtən]

Ⅰ n. [c]

1. a small often a round, piece of plastic wood or metal that you use for fastening your clothes　纽扣，扣子：

She unfastened the bottom button of her coat.

她解开了大衣下面的纽扣。

2. a small part of a machine　按钮（开关）：

He pressed the button and the lift stopped.

他一按电钮，电梯就停了。

Ⅱ vt. ＆ vi.

1. to be fastened with buttons　扣紧：

The belt can be buttoned and unbuttoned.

这带子可扣上也可松开。

2. to fasten sth. with button　扣上纽扣：

My collar won’t button down.

我的领子扣不起来。

buy [bai]

Ⅰ vt. ＆ vi. (bought, bought[bɔ:t])

to obtain sth. by paying money for it　买，购：

can money buy everything?

金钱能买到一切吗?

business is a matter of buying and selling.

经商就是做买卖。

In that store many people buy with credit cards.

很多人在那家商店用信用卡购物。

Ⅱ n. [c]

sth. that is bought or that is for sale　购买，买得之物：

It’s a real buy at that price.

这真是一笔很划得来的买卖。

a good buy　一件便宜货

【辨】buy, purchase:

①buy指“日常”的购买，是普通用语，意义较广：Happiness can’t be bought with money.

幸福用金钱买不来。

②purchase　偏重事务上的交易，是正式用语：He has just purchased an estate at Hong Kong.他在香港购买了房产。

by [bai]

Ⅰ prep.

1. near sb./sth.; at the side of sb./sth. （表示位置）靠近，在……旁：

She is sitting by the door.

她坐在门口。

2. pass sb./sth.（表示移动方向）从旁边走过：

He passed by me without noticing me.

他从我身旁走过而没有发现我。

3. to say that sth. happens as a result of sth.（表示行为主体）被，由：

Printing was invented by the chinese.

印刷术是中国人发明的。

4. not later than the time mentioned （表示时间）不迟于，到……时为止：

by this time next year you ought to have a very good knowledge of English.

明年这时候你的英语将会更好。

5. used for showing how or what way sth. is done（表示方式方法、手段）用，靠：

are these goods made by hand or by machinery?

这些物品是手工做的还是用机器做的?

You may go by ship.

你可以乘船去。

6. from what sth. shows or says; according to（表示判断）根据，按：

You must play by the rules.

你们必须按照规则来比赛。

7. used to show the degree or amount of sth.（表示量度、比例、程度）按，论：

I am paid by the hour.

我的薪水是按时计酬的。

Ⅱ adv.

past　在近旁，经过：

It gave him pleasure to watch the film stars as they went by.

他很高兴地看着影星们走过。

8. during sth.; in a particular situation　在……期间；处于某种状况：

to travel by day/night　白天/夜间旅行

9. used to show the degree or amount of sth.（表示程度数量）：

House prices went up by 10%.

房价上涨了10%。

The bullet missed him by two inches.

子弹只差两英寸就击中他了。

10. used to show the part of sb./sth. that sb. touches, holds, etc.（表示触及或抓住的人或物的部分）：

I took him by the arm.

我拉着他的胳膊。