- 考研英语轻巧过关:翻译与写作90篇
- 于春艳 张凤编著
- 890字
- 2023-06-30 10:22:55
03.增词法
增词法是在译文中增加一些原文中无其形但有歧义的词,其目的是使译文意义完整而明确,更符合汉语表达习惯。主要有三种情况:
(1)增加表达不同时态的词
英语中动词的时态靠动词形式的变化或加助动词(will, be, have)来表现,而汉语动词没有词形变化,表达时只能靠增加汉语特有的时态助词或一般表示时间的词,如完成时:曾、曾经、已(经)……过,……了;进行时:正(在……着);完成进行时:一直;将来时:将、要、会、就、便;过去时:过去、以前、曾(经)、当时;现在时:现在、目前等。
【真题回现】
试题:Although mental health is the cure-all for living our lives, it is perfecting ordinary as you will see that it has been there to direct you through all your difficult decisions.
(2)增加表示语态的词
英语多被动句,而汉语多主动句。英语被动句译成汉语主动句时,需增加一些表示被动的词,如:被、由、使、受到、加以、得到、为……所,等等。
【真题回现】
试题:We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering, a more formal kind of education—that of direct tuition or schooling.
(3)增加解释性文字
为了使译文达到通顺的标准,有时需在不改变原文意思的情况下,增加一些解释性文字,如动词、名词、副词等或增加原文省略的内容。
【真题回现】
试题:They may teach very well and more than earn their salaries, but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment.