北京

北京珐琅厂

景泰蓝行业唯一的中华老字号

The Only Time-honored Chinese Brand in the Field of Cloisonne

壹：遗产春秋

Section one: History

北京市珐琅厂有限责任公司前身是北京珐琅厂，成立于1956年，由42家私营珐琅厂和专为皇家制作景泰蓝的造办处合并组成。当时的珐琅厂有12个生产点，分布在王府井、前门、崇文门一带，1957年全厂迁到现在的厂址。1958年，国营特艺实验厂并入珐琅厂，北京珐琅厂更名为国营北京珐琅厂。

Beijing Enamel Factory Co.，Ltd.formerly known as Beijing Enamel Factory，was founded in 1956.It was made up of 42 private enamel factories and the Royal Cloisonne Workshop.Back then the factory has 12 plants distributed in the area of Wangfujing，Qianmen and Chongwenmen.In 1957，all plants were relocated to its current site.In 1958 ，the Stateowned Special Art Experimental Plant was incorporated into the factory，and thereafter it was renamed as the State-owned Beijing Enamel Factory.

建厂之初，北京珐琅厂就制定了景泰蓝工艺操作规程、各工序质量标准等600多年景泰蓝技艺史上的第一批标准，引导传统手工业从经验转向标准化生产。2002年，北京市珐琅厂改制成立北京市珐琅厂有限责任公司。作为国家非物质文化遗产生产性保护示范基地、景泰蓝行业唯一的中华老字号，北京市珐琅厂具有鲜明的北京地域文化特征、历史痕迹、独特工艺与经营特色，不仅是国内景泰蓝行业保存最为完整的近代工业遗产，更是北京近代轻工业发展的实物见证。

Right after its foundation，the factory established such standards as cloisonne handicraft procedures and quality standards in every procedure，which were the first batch of standards in cloisonne industry over the last 600 years.The establishment of such standards made it possible to pass on the traditional handicrafts by standardized procedures instead of by experience.In 2002，Beijing Enamel Factory was restructured into Beijing Enamel Factory Co.，Ltd.As the protected production model base of the National Intangible Cultural Heritag，and the only time-honored Chinese brand in cloisonne industry，Beijing Enamel Factory is boasted with distinctive regional cultural characteristics，historical marks and unique craftsmanship and operation philosophy.It is not only the best preserved domestic cloisonne industrial heritage，but also witness Beijing's modern light industrial development.

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景泰蓝

Cloisonne

景泰蓝，学名铜胎掐丝珐琅，是金属胎嵌搪瓷工艺在中国衍生出的独立品种。其技艺是用铜作胎，将细铜丝轧扁后以手工制成各种图案，掐、焊、贴在胎体上，再施珐琅釉料，经过烧制、磨光、镀金等多道工序最后制作出成品。

Cloisonne，the scientific name is copper enamel，which is evolved in China from metal padding enamel craftsmanship.The first step to make a cloisonne is to weave the flattened copper into different patterns，which are inlaid，welded or attached onto the copper-made base，onto which the enamel glaze is applied.After such processes as burning，polishing and gold plating，a handicraft is completed.

明清两代，御用监和造办处均在北京设有专为皇家服务的珐琅作坊，景泰蓝技艺从成熟走向辉煌，名列 “燕京八绝”之一。近代以来，由于社会动荡不安，北京景泰蓝技艺一度衰微。

In Ming and Qing Dynasties，both Royal Ware Office and Royal Workshops set up enamel plants in Beijing.Thus cloisonne crafting skills went from upscale to exquisite，and were included as one of the “Eight Yanjing Wonders”.Since modern times，Beijing cloisonne crafting skills have declined due to social unrest.

新中国成立后，国家采取积极的保护、扶持政策，使得这一古老技艺焕发生机。2006年，景泰蓝制作技艺被列入第一批国家级非物质文化遗产。

After the founding of the People's Republic of China，the state adopted an active policy of protection and support，which brought this ancient skill to life.In 2006，cloisonne crafting skills were included in the first batch of National Intangible Cultural Heritage.

贰：核心物项

Section two: Core items

北京珐琅厂工业遗产的核心物项包括原职工食堂；制地机、鳔丝机、手摇梭子机、滚床、烧活大炉及冲压机等机械设备，反映不同时期景泰蓝生产工序（制胎、掐丝、点蓝、烧活）的工具；1956年公私合营原始登记资料、钱美华大师人事档案及设计原稿、珐琅厂老艺人作品拓片等历史档案；景泰蓝制作技艺。

The core items of the industrial heritage of Beijing Enamel Factory include the original staff canteen and equipments as basemodeling machine，wire-inlaying machine，hand-shaking shuttle machine，rolling bed，burning furnace and the stamping machine，reflecting the tools in the production of cloisonne of different periods （base-modeling，wire-inlaying，enamel glazing，fire heating）.Other core items are the original public-private partnership registration material in 1956，personnel files of master Qian Meihua and her design manuscripts，historical archives of rubbings of old artists' handicrafts，and cloisonne crafting skills.

钱美华：景泰蓝专业设计第一人

Qian Meihua: Number One in Cloisonne Design

20世纪50年代，就读于中央美术学院华东分院的钱美华，被选送到清华大学营建系深造，师从著名建筑学家梁思成、林徽因，主研工艺美术，抢救濒于灭绝的景泰蓝。

In the 1950s，Qian Meihua，who studied in Huadong College of Central Academy of Fine Arts，was selected to go further study in the Department of Construction at Tsinghua University.There she studied under the famous architects Liang Sicheng and Lin Huiying，majoring in arts and crafts.In this way she begun her journey inheriting the endangered cloisonne crafting skills.

当时，北京仅存的几家作坊和景泰蓝厂大都处于倒闭边缘，新老艺人青黄不接。在林徽因的指导下，美术组为景泰蓝设计了一批具有民族风格的新颖图案，几位当时被迫改行拉黄包车的老技师被请回厂时，都激动得热泪盈眶。

At that time，Beijing's only few workshops and cloisonne factories were mostly on the verge of bankruptcy with fewer veterans and green hands available for the craftsmanship.Under the guidance of Lin Huiying，the design group drew up a number of novel patterns with nationalistic style.Several old technicians who were forced to change their trade to pull rickshaws were excited to tears when invited back to the factory to participate in the undertaking.

为了解景泰蓝的发展历程，钱美华听取沈从文的建议，去故宫参观临摹珍藏的景泰蓝器物，终于掌握了传统纹样的规律，并编写出我国第一部景泰蓝创作教材《景泰蓝创作设计》。

In order to understand the development history of cloisonne，Qian Meihua consulted Shen Congwen.She went to the Forbidden City to observe and copy conserved cloisonne.Finally she found the law of traditional patterns and thus compiled China's first cloisonne design textbook Creative Design of Cloisonne .

钱美华是景泰蓝这一中国传统工艺当代传承的标志性人物，也是新中国知识分子从事景泰蓝专业设计的第一人，对景泰蓝工艺的现代化发展产生了重要影响，并使之得以发扬光大。

Qian Meihua is an iconic figure in the field of contemporary cloisonne inheritance and the first modern intellectual engaging in cloisonne professional design.She has had an important influence on the development and flourish of cloisonne craft.

叁：遗产活化

Section three: Revitalization

参考资料：《中国工艺美术大师·钱美华：景泰蓝》。

Reference: Chinese Master of Arts and Crafts · Qian Meihua: Cloisonne.