三、河姆渡木榫卯（文物）

Wooden Mortise and Tenon Found at Hemudu (Relic)

右图为河姆渡遗址出土的榫卯木构，距今约7000年。

1973年，在河姆渡遗址，人们发现了大量榫卯结构的木质构件，这是我国迄今为止已发现的最早的榫卯。这一时期金属工具尚未出现，使用石器加工木料并非易事，因此榫卯大多比较粗糙，只在原木上稍做修整。但对当时的原始生产水平而言，榫卯技术已经达到相当高的水平，多种明清时期常用的柱头柱脚榫、燕尾榫、企口榫等榫卯在当时已经出现雏形。这些榫卯结构主要应用在河姆渡干栏式房屋的建造上。

The wooden framework of the mortise and tenon unearthed from the Hemudu site (see the right figure) can be traced back to about 7,000 years ago.

In 1973, a large number of wooden mortise and tenon components were discovered in the Hemudu site, and those were the earliest mortises and tenons found in China so far. During this period, without metal tools, it was not easy to use stone tools to process wood. Therefore, most of the mortises and tenons were quite rough, only slightly processed on logs. However, in terms of the primitive production situation at that time, the technology had reached a very high level that many kinds of mortises and tenons commonly used in the Ming and Qing dynasties were formed then, such as column tenon, swallow-tail-shaped tenon and lug tenon. These mortise and tenon structures were mainly adopted in the construction of wooden stilt style buildings of Hemudu.