2.7　参考答案

1.Though often equipped with a shovel shaped incisor tooth，eyes with epicanthic folds，or an extra molar cusp，Native American people have had to cope，for the last forty thousand years or so，just like everyone else.

2.I went to her studio in Redcliffe Square feeling uncomfortable and even embarrassed，thinking how awful to be an artist，having to put up with prospective buyers coming to gape，whereas writers never need to see anyone read their books.

3.It was about weight and brute power—beautifully machined heavy steel，burnished bronze，polished copper pipes，ornamental cast iron—everything built，with no expense spared，to withstand great pressures and last any number of lifetimes.

4.It becomes a bizarre spectacle，a kind of attention-seeking，and I cannot hear an American speaking of his or her social position without thinking of a human fly，one of those tiny people in grubby capes whom one sometimes sees clinging to the brickwork of a tall building.

5.This would have made more sense if the Hodgkinsons were bored，dried-up people who needed to feast on any new stranger，but they were not；they were in the world and leading stimulating lives and I finally had to come to the anxious conclusion that they simply liked me.

6.But aristocrats were often exempt from societal strictures that bound the middle class，and working-class women were usually looked down on as not being"respectable"for their efforts as workers.

7.Fettered as women are in European countries by restraints，obligations，and responsibilities，which are too often arbitrary and artificial...it is natural enough that when the opportunity offers，they should hail even a temporary emancipation through travel.

8.What if they tell me this curving line branching into three oval shapes is a pomegranate and that my mother was wishing me fertility and posterity？

9.Chauvinistic about our human need to wake by day and sleep by night，we come to associate night dwellers with people up to no good，people who have the jump on the rest of us and are defying nature，defying their circadian rhythms.

10.To mention just one example，no one has yet succeeded in putting before us even a single viewer who was incapable of telling the difference between a family quarrel in the current soap opera and one at his or her family's breakfast table.

11.Differential equations for the way things should behave under a given set of forces and initial conditions would no longer be valid，since what happens in one instant would not necessarily determine what happens in the next.

12.As soon as purely aesthetic elements predominate and the story of John and Susie grows elusive，most people feel out of their depth and are at a loss as to what to make of the scene，the book，or the painting.

13.His Behind the Scenes at the Front，published in 1915，exudes cheer，as well as warm condescension，toward the common British soldier，whom he depicts as well fed，warm，safe，and happy—better off，indeed，than at home.

14.Not only did the apocalyptic events of this war have very different meanings for men and women，such events were in fact very different for men and women，a point understood almost at once by an involved contemporary like Vera Brittain.

15.His caramel-colored skin darkened to toffee under fluorescent light but sometimes took on a golden sheen，especially in the vertical shafts of sunlight that poured into his favorite practice room where she'd often peek in on him—an uncanny complexion，as if the shades swirled just under the surface.

16.At first curiosity increased the business on the street where they were sold and there was even word of respectable persons who disguised themselves as workers in order to observe the novelty of the phonograph at firsthand，but from so much and such close observation they soon reached the conclusion that it was not an enchanted mill as everyone had thought and as some had said，but a mechanical trick that could not be compared with something so moving，so human，and so full of everyday truth as a band of musicians.

17.An approaching body produces one kind of emotional line，a receding or departing body another；the meeting of two forces produces visual，kinesthetic，and emotional effects，with a world of suggestibility around them like a penumbra that evokes many ideas and emotions whenever these forms are manipulated.

18.Birds continue to sing in the mornings，and they do not have to face the rigors of either an ice age caused by humans or a global warming caused by the heat of increased energy production and consumption.

19.In both the United States and Europe，environmental trends are，for the most part，positive；and environmental regulations，far from being burdensome and expensive，have proved to be strikingly effective，have cost less than was anticipated，and have made the economies of the countries that have put them into effect stronger，not weaker.

20.He wrote the call for the 1853 convention in Rochester，New York，which demanded not only that women be paid equally with men for their work，but also that women，including married women，have equal rights with men in the ownership and disposition of property.

21.Yet women in large numbers had been involved in political actions in the American Revolution and had begun to define themselves differently than .

22.Biologists assumed that this seemingly purposeless activity had little effect on animal development，was not a distinct form of behavior，and was too nebulous a concept either to define or to study.

23.Midway through"The Enormous Radio"I had to pop the tape from the machine to keep her from wreaking havoc on my sense of Cheever.Cheever's prose is as imprinted with his gender as Virginia Woolf's is with hers.

24.This is precisely what alarms the sighted reader who thinks of reading as a private and intensely personal act，a solo flight with no copilot to look over your shoulder，make snide comments，or gush about the view.

25.For the truth was，as Mulcahy had to acknowledge，pacing up and down his small office，that in spite of all the evidence he had been given of the president's unremitting hatred，he found himself hurt by the letter—wounded，to be honest，not only in his self-esteem but in some tenderer place，in that sense of contract between people that transcends personal animosities and factional differences，that holds the individual distinct from the deed and maintains even in the fieriest opposition the dream of final agreement and concord.

26.A dog who did comparative psychology might easily worry about our consciousness or lack thereof，just as we worry about the consciousness of a squid.

27.The concept of two warring souls within the body of the Black American was as meaningful for Du Bois at the end of his years as editor of Crisis，the official journal of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People（NAACP），as when he had first used the image at the stall of the century.

28.

29.There were those who thought it should have been more conventional—that is，I suppose，that it should have been built to look like some of the museum structures whose architecture can be best described as"Penitentiary Modern".

30.Even the signs of mutability that sometimes jolted her—the whiteness of her mother's hair，the worn patience of her sister's face，the morose silences of her brother-in-law，now so long and black that the women worried about him in low voices—could not more than briefly interrupt the deep security and peace.

31.Though some of my adaptations are deliberate，planned，and some are learned through trial and error（in the first week I injured every finger on my left hand），most have occurred by themselves，unconsciously，by reprogrammings and adaptations of which I know nothing（any more than I know，or can know，how I normally walk）.

32.At the same time，however，much of what Black women have experienced and still experience today—bad and good—involves the blending of their separate identities in a way that chemists would call a combination，not just a mixture.

33.However many directors and high officials of all sorts came and went，he was always seen in the same place，at the very same duty，so that they used to declare that he must have been born a perpetual titular councilor in uniform all complete and with a bald patch on his head.

34.I take further comfort in the fact that the human species managed to produce pretty decent creative work during the 5，000 years that preceded 1710，when the Statute of Anne，the world's first modern copyright law，passed the British parliament.

35.The Grateful Dead，for whom I once wrote songs，learned by accident that if we let fans tape concerts and freely reproduce those tapes—"stealing"our intellectual"property"just like those heinous Napsterians—the tapes would become a marketing virus that would spawn enough Deadheads to fill any stadium in America.

36.Philosophers before him had argued that a medium—air，water，etc.—is essential to the very existence of motion，but Galileo stated cogently that the essence of motion could be understood only by removing the confusion introduced by the particular circumstances in which moving objects find themselves.

37.In so doing，he explicitly called upon his northern readers to recognize that the sufferings and inequities to which he had been subjected by the very condition of enslavement directly contravened their deepest principles of individualism.

38.One or two of the tradespeople even darted out of their shops，and went a little way down the street before me，that they might turn，as if they had forgotten something，and pass me face to face—on which occasions I don't know whether they or I made the worse pretence；they of not doing it，or I of not seeing it.

39.The replacement of reality with selective fantasy is characteristic of that most successful and staggeringly profitable American phenomenon，the reinvention of the environment as themed entertainment.

40.At Williamsburg，there was instant amputation with the conceit of a"cutoff date"for the restoration—in this case，1770—an arbitrary determination of when a place should be frozen in time.

41.I could not set aside my burning desire to bring a little stone，God willing，to the frail edifice of our knowledge of the deep mysteries of life and death，where all our intellects have so lamentably failed.

42.My sisters and I are not bound by any of our mother's obligations， that seemed so important.

43.Representations of Eros，the Greek child god of love，proliferated in that Hellenistic period，but childhood disappeared from art together with the other Hellenistic themes，and the subsequent Romanesque art returned to the rejection of the special features of childhood.

44.All governments have honored artists when they are old and saintly and successful and almost dead，but twenty-five years ago Congress decided to boldly and blindly support the arts—support the act of creation itself—and to encourage artists who are young and dangerous and unknown and very much alive.

45.But I would rather have as my patron a host of anonymous citizens digging into their own pockets for the price of a book or a magazine than a small body of enlightened and responsible people administering public funds.

46.There were other words that helped too，words that looked almost the same in French，but were pronounced differently in English： nationality，alien，race，enemy.

47.Frank J.Scott，an early landscape architect who had a large impact on the look of America's first suburbs，worked tirelessly to rid the landscape of fences，which he derided as a feudal holdover from Britain.

48.American humor，neither unfathomably absurd like the Irish，nor sharp and sensible and full of the realities of life like the Scottish，is simply the humor of imagination.

49.When，as in A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court ，he gave full rein to his fancy，he achieved such a masterpiece of vulgarity as the world has never seen.

50.They are altogether unlike the provinces，where the surprises lie not in discovering what is odd or new but in appreciating，at last，what is routine and everyday，a larger accomplishment than one might imagine.

51.But there is something more to animals，something more to my Annie，a capacity for satisfactions that come from work in the full sense—something approximately like what leads some people to insist that they need a career（though my own temperament is such that I think of a good woodcarver or a dancer or a poet sooner than I think of a business executive when I contemplate the kind of happiness enjoyed by an accomplished dressage horse）.

52.What did amaze me about the potato-size rock that fell from Mars was that it had traveled millions of miles across space to land here，blasted from world to world by a planetary collision of the sort that purportedly killed off our dinosaurs，and had lain waiting for millennia upon an Antarctic ice field，until an observant young woman traveling in an expedition party picked it up，because she figured that it had come from another world.

53.Much as I understand and am in sympathy with those who wish there were no differences between women and men—only reparable social injustice—my research on styles of conversation tells me that，at least in this area，it simply isn't so.

54.She was also a woman who seldom found new audiences for her anecdotes，so she made herself happy，she insisted，with us children，her mother，her sisters，her grandparents—an entire clan of storytellers competing for a turn on the family stage.

55.And it was such an earnest sight，such an intimate window into a man whose nature seemed to be all windows—people wondered if he actually had a public self—that he might have been the only man in the world to claim vulnerability as his greatest asset.

56.In all likelihood，the same impulse forces writers to make themselves available to their readers in the various ways writers have access to—by giving readings，for example，or answering fan mail.

57.Psychology textbooks cite the errors to rhapsodize that children are lovers of cognitive tidiness and simplicity；researchers who study learning in adults cite the errors as a paradigm case of the human habit of overgeneralizing rules to exceptional cases.

58.Their primary action took place at night on rainswept city streets，in narrow ash-can alleys，in claustrophobic diners，and in dingy，shadowy hotel rooms with neon signs flashing outside the windows，rooms in which，as hard-boiled author Nelson Algren once put it，"every bed you rent makes you an accessory to somebody else's shady past."

59.It may be that noir began in a way of photographing that was as economical as it was moody（less light meant less money on decor—an important wartime consideration when studios faced limits on construction material）.

60.Lincoln Brower wrote of his feeling on a warm March morning as he watched tens of thousands of these butterflies explode from their resting places on the trees at an overwintering site in Mexico："Flying against the azure sky and past the green boughs of the oyamels，this myriad of dancing embers reinforced my earlier conclusion that this spectacle is a treasure comparable to the finest works of art that our world culture has produced over the past 4000 years."

61.Sometimes she would employ me as a bait to draw her prey，and，hating my errand，I would be sent across the lounge with a verbal message，the loan of a book or paper，the address of some shop or other，the sudden discovery of a mutual friend.

62.Week in and week out forty thousand longshoremen worked the ninety-six piers encircling Manhattan and the eighty lining the Brooklyn waterfront，manually loading and unloading sixteen million tons a year.

63. The Nees identified and selected representative personalities from different segments of the Chinese American community in San Francisco，whom they laboriously interviewed themselves over a two-year period，and placed these lengthy，in-depth interviews largely verbatim in their book with minimal narrative and analysis.

64.It occurs to me that perhaps what we have here is one of those debates in which the opposing sides，unbeknownst to themselves，share a myopia that will turn out to be the most interesting and important feature of the whole discussion，a debate，for instance，like that of the Founding Fathers over the nature of the franchise.

65.Although I dedicate this volume to her and to her best friend，fellow club woman and retired primary school teacher Virtea Downey，I still blush at the fact that I went to graduate school to become a historian in order to contribute to the Black Struggle for social justice and yet met her request to write a history of Black women in Indiana with condescension.

66.Inside，we sat on wonderfully comfortable seats that were tilted back so that you lay in a sort of a hammock，attention directed to the bowl of the ceiling，which soon turned dark blue，with a faint rim of light around the edge.

67.It was no accident that nineteenth-century naturalist Charles Darwin strove to connect the mentality and emotionality of people with that of dogs，rather than，say，doves or horses.

68.We read about dogs who regularly traveled thousands of miles to be reunited with owners who somehow misplaced them，repeatedly saved people from certain death，and continually exhibited a better grasp of strategic problem-solving than the average Ph.D.

69.Against a background of babies crying，children playing，doors slamming，dishes clattering，a television yammering，and an air conditioner wheezing，I can hear the mother's voice，by turns breathy，nasal，gargly，or humlike as it slides up and down the Hmong language's eight tones；the father's voice，louder，slower，more vehement，and my interpreter’s voice，mediating in Hmong and English，low and deferential in each.

70.The cloned person may experience concerns about his or her distinctive identity，not only because the person will be in genotype（genetic makeup）and appearance identical to another human being，but，in this case，because he or she may also be twin to the person who is the"father"or"mother"—if one can still call them that.

71.Either they put out their best china and thought twice before they said anything，or they were defiantly informal—"You'll have to take us as you find us"—and would persist in making remarks like"Pardon the apron，but there's no servants here to polish the grate".

72.This is no more than a practical coming of cultural age，a belated recognition that fine old buildings frequently offer the most for the money in an assortment of values，including cost，and above all，that new cultural centers do not a culture make.

73.But for more than half a century—even in the midst of some of the greatest scientific achievements in history—physicists have been quietly aware of a dark cloud looming on a distant horizon.

74.The ability of the"I Have a Dream"speech to highlight King's early career at the expense of his later career accounts for the tone of impatience and betrayal that often appears when modern-day supporters of King's agenda talk about the speech.

75. I remember leafing through a book of Native American poems one morning while I was waiting for my Shakespeare class to begin and being struck by a phrase from the preface，"The word，the word above all，is truly magical，not only by its meaning，but by its artful manipulation."

76. floating in varying shades of blue water，the embroidery so fine that when I held it at arm's length the petals looked real.

77.In other instances，people may admit they need four cups of coffee to make it through the morning，but it may never occur to them that this might be due to the fact that they are so sleepy that they need stimulation from caffeine to be able to do their required tasks.

78.These"warheads"were actually spear points，elegantly chipped to sharpness on both edges and finished off with a groove，or flute，down the center of each side.

79.Stranger still is when one of his parents addresses him，in front of his new friends，as Nikhil directly："Nikhil，show us the buildings where you have your classes，"his father suggests.

80.We have the capacity to live in a way that these 24 hours will bring peace，joy，and happiness to ourselves and to others.

81.Let it splash on me from time to time，like a car going through a puddle，and I，on the sidewalk of my solitude，will salute it grimly like any other modern inconvenience.

82.Habituated by my own geological training and knowledge，I was not quite prepared upon opening this New Atlas of the Universe to encounter the faces of so many worlds，dangling in the black of space，their features available to the eye for instant interpretation.

83.The fairy tale of the discovery by an older artist or discerning patron of the Boy Wonder，usually in the guise of a lowly shepherd boy has been a stock-in-trade of artistic mythology ever since the sixteenth-century biographer Vasari wrote that the young Giotto was discovered by the great Cimabue while the lad was guarding his flocks，drawing sheep on a stone.

84.All the eyes are brown，a deep rich and dark brown，eyes that speak to me but in a language I do not understand.

85.Once the discipline is established，the problem chosen，and the scientist immersed in the work，he or she becomes as persuaded as need be of the centrality and urgency of the particular work being done.

86.He made remarks to the waitresses in the little restaurants we'd stop in every three hours，coolly demanding boiling water for his imported tea bags and then lavishly complimenting their culinary skills.

87.Someone—I forget who—once referred to the easier of his fiction as "benches for the reader to sit down upon，"meaning，of course，that the poor readers who had struggled through the complex maze of ideas for several pages could rest gratefully at last on a simple clear paragraph.

88.In recent years it is really only in handbooks about how to write best sellers that we find very much open advice to the author to think of readers and write accordingly.

89.Toward the end of the afternoon，we followed what seemed to be a large movement of chimpanzees into one great open room in the forest，relatively clear except for columns of nut trees.

90.In other words，science proceeds along a zigzag path toward what we hope will be ultimate truth，a path that began with humanity's earliest attempts to fathom the cosmos and whose end we cannot predict.

91.An explanation that allows one to predict successfully in detail what will happen when one goes out and performs a feasible experiment is the sort of explanation that most clearly can be labeled"scientific".

92.Please to remember，I opened the book by accident，at that bit，only the day before I rashly undertook the business now in hand；and，allow me to ask—if that isn't prophecy，what is？

93.In the coming century，we will decide，by default or design，how much humanity will tolerate other species and thus decide the future of biodiversity.

94.The modern-day proxy species—African elephants in place of American mammoths，etc.—are"wrong"（that is，different genetically from the species that occurred in North America during the Pleistocene epoch），and the ecosystems into which they are to be reintroduced are"wrong"（that is，different in composition from Pleistocene ecosystems as well as from those in which the modern-day proxy species evolved）.

95.Sometimes a grown-up woman，dressed in the stockings and sneakers that all our mothers wore for the long commute home，would jump in—handbag and all—just to show us what she could do.

96.Some on the strength of their new riches built walls for their cities，the weaker put up with being governed by the stronger，and those who won superior power by acquiring capital resources brought the smaller cities under their control.

97.Kael didn't have to convince most of her readers that films mattered，but she succeeded better than anyone else in articulating why，and she was able to do so without either condescending to the medium or granting the industry any more respect than she thought it deserved.

98.A singular disadvantage of the sea lies in the fact that after successfully surmounting one wave you discover that there is another behind it just as important and just as nervously anxious to do something effective in the way of swamping boats.

99.In the wake of the Industrial Revolution，when mass production became the pride and joy of nineteenth-century entrepreneurs，a fast-growing middle class reveled in the luxury of consumer goods，including jewelry，made available at economical prices.

100.All along the burnished footpaths of Greek Street，the shopkeepers are out already，the second wave of early risers.

101.Though ancient humans might have mastered prehistoric crampons，*mastodons almost certainly did not，and finding food and shelter under those circumstances would have been difficult at best.

102.And when great events rouse people to their most responsible temper，and fierce national ordeals awaken them to a new sense of their capacities，they turn readily to the writing of history，for they wish to instruct，and to its reading，for they want to learn.

103. Written history is，in fact，nothing of the kind；it is the fragmentary record of the often inexplicable actions of innumerable bewildered human beings set down and interpreted according to their own limitations by other human beings，equally bewildered.

104.We were constantly being lined up for picture taking，and it was years before our household could experience this as an enjoyable activity，before any of the rest of us could be behind the camera.

105.For these same reasons，however，science offers little comfort to anyone who aches to leave behind a personal message in his or her work，his own little poem or her own haunting sonata.

106.It reduced the range at which planes could be spotted from a dozen miles to around two，uncomfortably close for a submarine recharging its batteries at the surface and needing time to crash dive.

107.That any civilized human being in this nineteenth century should not be aware that the earth traveled round the sun appeared to me to be such an extraordinary fact that I could hardly realize it.

108.They liked to assess for us kids the looks，ethnicity，demeanor，intelligence and other vital signs of the real Asian，a commentary they delivered in a manner as succinct and passionate as that of a sports announcer.

109. They thought of translators as having read a work and then somehow evolving that work from themselves，from their own might，from the known possibilities of their own languages.

110."The Seafarer,"translated in 1911 by Ezra Pound，shows Pound's method of translating which，when he is so inclined，produces not so much a translation as a new poem in the spirit of the original.

111.There could the prehistoric life in its waters，an indigenous ecosystem surviving with few resources—no sunlight，the tiniest of fresh-food inputs— and spurring adaptations never seen before.

112.The grape-soda can drawing bees in the middle of a supposedly pristine wilderness campsite provokes our outrage and disgust，of course，but ，and less comfortable to admit，.

113.We waded in among the brambles to pick grapes，fat like marbles and big as an eyeball，so dense and juicy they looked almost black.

114. Astronomers understand that each act of observation—photographing a galaxy，taking an ultraviolet spectrum of an exploding star—extracts but a small piece of the whole，and that a montage of many such images is still only a representation，a painting if you will.

115.Indeed，in the last 25 years，in an effort to raise financial support at a rate nearly triple that of the rest of society，the scientific community may have promised too much too soon.

116.The point is not only what will happen if and when stellar navigation becomes a lost art，but who apart from astronomers will remain attentive to the heavens？

117.I am no Tom Keating，* aging a picture with a spoonful of instant coffee，spraying on fly specks with a mixture of asphalt and turpentine，pretending to have come upon an unknown Old Master in a junk shop or attic.

118.The costume served as a stand-in for herself，a second skin never totally assimilated to the person hidden under it but so integral to her that even when it was taken off，it retained something of the wearer's being.

119.Of course，one can point to England's monarch，Queen Victoria，as a famous example of a woman at work，and millions of working-class women worked for wages in factories and private homes，on farms，and in stores and markets.

120.But unlike a man，whose self-worth rose through his economic exertions，a woman who did likewise risked opprobrium for herself and possibly shame for those around her.

121.But the time for gentle melancholy came later on when she was sorting her things at her desk just before leaving，and was wondering what girl would have that old desk—if they cared to risk another girl，and whether the other poor girl would slave through the years she should have been frivolous，only to have some man step in at the end and induce her to surrender the things she had gained through sacrifice and toil.

122.Imagine，for example， like Isaac Newton ，were he alive today.

123.If you turn the picture around and you have some advanced extraterrestrials looking at the Earth，until the last hundred years there was no evidence of intelligent life but for billions of years before that they could have deduced that his was a very unusual world and that there were probably living creatures on it.

124.Without some knowledge of language，of history，of inflection，of the position of the storyteller within the group，without a hint of the social roles played by males and females in the culture，without a sense of the society's humor or priorities—without such knowledge，how can we，as reader or listener， ？

125.Anyone who has read Edward Snow's highly personal and poetic Study of Vermeer is unlikely to be able to meet the gaze of the young woman in The Girl with the Pearl Earring without feeling something of the confusion and complicity he so eloquently describes.

126.Foraging near the hut that he built himself，cultivating beans whose properties invited speculation，gazing into the depths of Walden Pond，Henry David Thoreau epitomizes a long-standing American worship of nature.

127.This serves to confirm the view of one Victorian man，born in 1790，that whereas his mother had confidently joined in the family auctioneering business，the increased division of the sexes had seen the withdrawal of women from business life.

128.Isolated from light，warmed only from below，starved of nutrients，the life-forms of Vostok could teach scientists how life might persist in Europa's frigid climate，where temperatures average minus 250 degrees Fahrenheit.

129.The scientific method is the systematic pursuit of knowledge involving the identification of a problem，the collection of relevant data through observation and experimentation，and the formulation and testing of hypotheses that aim to solve the problem.

130.If you would like them to rest for a minute so you can sneak up behind them and stun them with something new，let them have a little peaceful description，or perhaps a little something funny to smile over，or a little moment of superiority.

131.The notion of gift-givers and gift-recipients being unable to account for the other party's perspective seems puzzling because people slip in and out of these roles every day，and，in some cases，multiple times in the course of the same day.

132.There they go，our brothers who have been educated at public schools and universities，mounting those steps，passing in and out of those doors，ascending those pulpits，preaching，teaching，administering justice，practising medicine，transacting business，making money.

133.We who have looked so long at the pageant in books，or from a curtained window watched educated men leaving the house at about nine-thirty to go to an office，returning to the house at about six-thirty from an office，need look passively no longer.

134. No man likes to acknowledge that he has made a mistake in the choice of his profession，and every man，worthy of the name，will row long against wind and tide before he allows himself to cry out，"I am baffled！"and submits to be floated passively back to land.

135.Had I been in anything inferior to him，he would not have hated me so thoroughly，but I knew all that he knew，and，what was worse，he suspected that I kept the padlock of silence on mental wealth in which he was no sharer.

136.Genuine multitasking，too，has been exposed as a myth，not just by laboratory studies but by the familiar sight of an SUV undulating between lanes as the driver cuts deals on his cell phone.

137.Through what slavery，slaughter，and sacrifice，through what inquisitions and imprisonments，pains and persecutions，black codes and gloomy creeds，the soul of humanity has struggled for the centuries，while mercy has veiled her face and all hearts have been dead alike to love and hope！

138. No one need wonder at the disorganization，at the fragmentary condition of everything，when we remember that man，who represents but half a complete being，with but half an idea on every subject，has undertaken the absolute control of all sublunary matters.

139.Man has been molding woman to his ideas by direct and positive influences，while she， if not a negation，has used indirect means to control him and in most cases developed the very characteristics both in him and herself that needed repression.

140.We ask woman's enfranchisement，as the first step toward the recognition of that essential element in government that can only secure the health，strength，and prosperity of the nation.

141.Here that great conservator of woman's love，if permitted to assert itself，as it naturally would in freedom against oppression，violence，and war，would hold all these destructive forces in check，for woman knows the cost of life better than man does，and not with her consent would one drop of blood ever be shed，one life sacrificed in vain.

142.，when one of its most eloquent exponents had been besieged for nearly three hours in a small and extremely uncomfortable may-tree by an angry boar-pig，while Lady Carlotta，on the other side of the fence，had proceeded with the water-color sketch she was engaged on，and refused to interfere between the boar and his prisoner.

143. Anybody who has waited far too long on a street corner for the privilege of boarding a lurching，overcrowded bus，or wrestled luggage onto subways and shuttles to get to a big city airport，knows that transit on this continent tends to be underfunded，ill-maintained，and ill-planned.

144.With one fell swoop，the Dials came up with a viable origin for the flapping flight stroke of birds （something gliding animals don't do and thus a shortcoming of the tree-down theory）and an aerodynamic function for half-formed wings （one of the main drawbacks to the ground-up hypothesis）.

145.And is it not evident that the great conserving principle of Societies，which makes the division of powers a source of harmony，has been expressed and revealed by nature itself，when it divided the functions of the two sexes in so obviously distinct a manner？

146.Consider—I address you as a legislator—whether，when men contend for their freedom，and to be allowed to judge for themselves respecting their own happiness，it be not inconsistent and unjust to subjugate women，even though you firmly believe that you are acting in the manner best calculated to promote their happiness？

147.Rising slowly from the earth that bore me and gave me sustenance，I am carried helplessly toward an uninhabited and hostile，or at best indifferent，part of the earth，littered with the bones of explorers and the wrecks of ships，frozen supply caches，messages scrawled with chilled fingers and hidden in cairns that no eye will ever see.

148.These close-in parts of the city，whose few residents Burgess described as dwelling in"submerged regions of poverty，degradation and disease，" are increasingly the preserve of the affluent who work in the commercial core.

149.Subordinate contracts for objects of mere occasional interest may be dissolved at pleasure—but the state ought not to be considered as nothing better than a partnership agreement in a trade of pepper and coffee，calico or tobacco，or some other such low concern，to be taken up for a little temporary interest，and to be dissolved by the fancy of the parties.

150.According to Babad Lombok，records of the island written on palm leaves in Old Javanese，Samalas erupted catastrophically before the end of the 13^th century，devastating surrounding villages—including Lombok's capital at the time，Pamatan—with ash and fast-moving sweeps of hot rock and gas called pyroclastic flows.