参考文献

1.Felson DT. The course of osteoarthritis and factors that affect it.Rheum Dis Clin North Am,1993,19:607-615.
2.Lawrence RC,Felson DT,Helmick CG,et al. Estimates of the prevalence of arthritis and other rheumatic conditions in the United States. Part Ⅱ. Arthritis Rheum,2008,58:26-35.
3.van Saase JL,van Romunde LK,Cats A,et al. Epidemiology of osteoarthritis:Zoetermeer survey. Comparison of radiological osteoarthritis in a Dutch population with that in 10 other populations. Ann Rheum Dis,1989,48:271-280.
4.Lawrence JS,Bremner JM,Bier F. Osteoarthrosis:prevalence in the population and relationship between symptoms and x-ray changes. Ann Rheum Dis,1966,25:1-24.
5.Dieppe P. Some recent clinical approaches to osteoartritis research. Semin Arthritis Rheum,1990,20:2-11.
6.Carman WJ. Factors associated with pain and osteoarthritis in the Tecumseh Community Health study. Semin Arthritis Rheum,1989,18(2):10-3.
7.W Zhang,M Doherty,Leeb BF. EULAR evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis of hand osteoarthritis:report of a task force of ESCISITAnn Rheum Dis,2009,68:8-17. doi:10.1136/ard.2007.084772.
8.熊恩富.骨科康复学.北京:人民卫生出版社,2008.
9.Srikanth VK,Fryer JL,Zhai G,et al. A metaanalysis of sex differences prevalence,incidence and severity of osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage,2005,13:769-781.
10.Oliveria SA,Felson DT,Reed JI,et al. Incidence of symptomatic hand,hip,and knee osteoarthritis among patients in a health maintenance organization. Arthritis Rheum,1995,38:1134-1141.
11.Butler WJ,Hawthorne VM,Mikkelsen WM,et al. Prevalence of radiologically defined osteoarthritis in the finger and wrist joints of adult residents of Tecumseh,Michigan,1962-65. J Clin Epidemiol,1988,41:467-473.
12.Cooper C,Egger P,Coggon D,et al. Generalized osteoarthritis in women:pattern of joint involvement and approaches to definition for epidemiological studies. J Rheumatol,1996,23:1938-1942.
13.Haara MM,Heliovaara M,Kroger H,et al. Osteoarthritis in the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb:Prevalence and associations with disability and mortality. J Bone Joint Surg,2004,86:1452-1457.
14.Wilder FV,Barrett JP,Farina EJ. Joint-specific prevalence of osteoarthritis of the hand. Osteoarthritis Cartilage,2006,14:953-957.
15.Dahaghin S,Bierma-Zeinstra SMA,Ginai AZ,et al. Prevalence and pattern of radiographic hand osteoarthritis and association with pain and disability(the Rotterdam study). Ann Rheum Dis,2005,64:682-687.
16.Altman R,Alarcon G,Appelrouth D,et al. The American College of Rheumatology criteria for the classification and reporting of osteoarthritis of the hand. Arthritis Rheum,1990,33:1601-1610.
17.Chaisson CE,Zhang Y,Sharma L,et al. Grip strength and the risk of developing radiographic hand osteoarthritis:results from the Framingham study. Arthritis Rheum,1999,42:33-38.
18.Sowers M,Hochberg M,Crabbe JP,et al. Association of bone mineral density and sex hormone levels with osteoarthritis and the hand and knee in premenopausal women. Am J Epidemiol,1996,143:38-47.
19.Lawrence JS. Rheumatism in cotton operatives. Br J Industry Med,1961,18:270-276.
20.Jensen V,Boggild H,Johansen JP. Occupational use of precision grip and forceful gripping,and arthrosis of finger joints:a literature review. Occup Med,999,49:383-388.
21.Yuqing Zhang,Jingbo Niu,Margaret Kelly-Hayes,et al. Prevalence of Symptomatic Hand Osteoarthritis and Its Impact on Functional Status among the Elderly. Am J Epidemiol,2002,156:1021-1027.
22.李明祚,张言凤.骨科物理学诊断.上海:上海科学技术出版社,2007.
23.蒋伯钧.上海黄浦区某社区老年人心理健康干预效果评价.中国行为医学科学,2005,14:9322-9323.
24.胡明月.精神分裂症患者精神残疾的影响因素.中国行为医学科学,2005,14:899-900.
25.陆廷仁.骨科康复学.北京:人民卫生出版社,2007.
26.Kwok WY,VlietVlieland TP,Rosendaal FR,et al. Limitations in daily activities are the major determinant of reduced health-related quality of life in patients with hand osteoarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis,2011,70:334-336.
27.朱湘竹,蓝绍颖,朱建平,等.南通地区关节炎患者的生存质量评价.南通大学学报(医学版),2006,26(5):336-338.
28.李俊,詹思延,徐丽玲.中国部分地区关节炎患者生活质量调查.中华流行病学杂志,2003,24(12):1132-1135.
29.杨金红,邢更彦.中国医学前沿杂志(电子版),2014,6(6):12-14.
30.艾全.骨性关节炎的研究与体外冲击波疗法治疗新进展.中国医学前沿杂志(电子版),2012,4(11):16-20.
31.湛川,于方,安久力.低能量激光照射膝眼穴治疗膝骨性关节炎的疗效.中国激光医学杂志,2007,16(2):126-127.
32.邱劲松.红外线联合美洛昔康治疗双膝骨关节炎疗效观察.四川医学,2011,33(10):1602-1603.
33.火焱,陈德志,王昭玲.底盘脉冲电磁场治疗骨关节炎的有效性及安全性观察.中国医药科学,2013,3(13):9-11.
34.赵佐庆.水浴和药浴对骨退行性关节炎疗效及其作用机制.中国临床康复, 2002,6(24):3650-3651.
35.MARC C. HOCHBERG,ROY D,et al. American College of Rheumatology 2012 Recommendations for the Use of Nonpharmacologic and Pharmacologic Therapies in Osteoarthritis of the Hand,Hip,and Knee. Arthritis Care& Research,2012,4:465-474.
36.李仁英.浅谈膝关节骨性关节炎患者的康复治疗及护理干预.基层医学论坛,2012,16(27):3606-3607.
37.王琴,张秀霞.中国老年保健医学,2011,9(5):68-69.
38.苟艳梅,任线萍.综合护理干预对骨性关节炎患者膝关节疼痛的影响.中华现代护理杂志,2013,19(10),1177-1179.
39.THOMAS G,APPLETON,DAVID D,et al. Molecular and Histological Analysis of a New Rat Model of Experimental Knee Osteoarthriti. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences,2007,1117(1):165-174.
40.乔鸿飞,雷建林,杨峰.超短波对家兔膝关节骨性关节炎自由基代谢影响的实验研究.陕西医学杂志,2010,39(5):536-538,546.
41.Byung Hyune Choi A,Reum Seo,Kil Hwan Kim,et al. Low-Intensity Ultrasound Alleviates Osteoarthritis In Vitro and in a Rabbit Model. J. Med. Devices,2011,5(2),027519.
42.WANG CJ,WENG LH,KO JY,et al. Extracorporeal shockwave therapy shows chondroprotective effects in osteoarthritic rat knee. ArehOrthop Trauma Surg,2011:9.
43.Yasushi Oshima,Richard D,Neil M,et al. Effect of light-emitting diode(LED)therapy on the development of osteoarthritis(OA)in a rabbit model. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy,2011,65(3):224-229.
44.Wang Pu,Liu Chuan,Yang Xiaotian,et al. Effects of low-level laser therapy on joint pain,synovitis,anabolic,and catabolic factors in progressive osteoarthritis rabbit model. Lasers in Medical Science,2014,29(6):1875-1885.
45.Li Xueping,Lin Qiang,Wang Daxin. The Effects of Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound and Nanomagnet Applications on the Expressions of MMP-13 and MAPKs in Rabbit Knee Osteoarthritis. Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology,2013,13(1):722-727(6).
46.INGVILD K,GEIR S,RIKKE H M,et al. Systematic review of design and effects of splints and exercise programs in hand osteoarthritis. Arthritis Care & Research,2011,63(6):834-848.
47.Loew L,Brosseau L,Wells GA,et al. Ottawa panel evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for aerobic walking programs in the management of osteoarthritis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil,2012,93:1269-1285.
48.Atamaz FC,Durmaz B,Baydar M,et al. Comparison of the efficacy of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation,interferential currents,and shortwave diathermy in knee osteoarthritis:a double-blind,randomized,controlled,multicenter study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil,2012,93:748-756.
49.Robinson VA,Brosseau L,Peterson J,et al. Therapeutic ultrasound for osteoarthritis of the knee(Cochrane review). In:The Cochrane Library,Issue 4,2006. Chichester,UK:Wiley.
50.Loyola-Sánchez A,Richardson J,MacIntyre NJ. Efficacy of ultrasound therapy for the management of knee osteoarthritis:a systematic review with meta-analysis. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage,2010,18:1117-1126.
51.Tien Wen Chen,Cheng Wei Lin,Chia Ling Lee,et al. The efficacy of shock wave therapy in patients with knee osteoarthritis and popliteal cyamella. The Kaohsiung Journal of Medical Sciences,2014,30(7):362-370.
52.王丽祯,吴凡,沈雪勇.复合激光和发光二极管红光穴位照射治疗膝骨关节炎疗效对照观察.中华中医药杂志,2010,25(2):217-220.
53.Brosseau L,Wells G,Marchand S,et al. Randomized controlled trial on low level laser therapy(LLLT)in the treatment of osteoarthritis(OA)of the hand. asersSurg Med,2005,36:210-219.
54.Tommaso Iannitti,Gregorio Fistetto,Anna Esposito,et al. Pulsed electromagnetic field therapy for management of osteoarthritis-related pain,stiffness and physical function:clinical experience in the elderly. Clin Interv Aging,2013,8:1289-1293.
55.Silva LE,Valim VP,Ana PC. Hydrotherapy Versus Conventional Land-Based Exercise for the Management of Patients With Osteoarthritis of the Knee:A Randomized Clinical Trial.Physical Therapy,2008,88(1):12-21.
56.Weiss S,Lastayo P,Mills A,et al. Prospective analysis of splinting the first carpometacarpal joint:an objective,subjective,and radiographic assessment. J Hand Ther,2000,13:218-226.