- 考研英语二真题词汇巧记助记
- 刘琦 刘畅 庞肖狄
- 15594字
- 2020-06-25 22:32:47
2010年真题词汇
看看有没有已经认识的单词
❏outbreak
❏detect
❏declare
❏epidemic
❏designate
❏swine flu
❏alert
❏emergency
❏assemble
❏moderate
❏severity
❏overwhelming
❏director general
❏hospitalization
❏panic
❏shut down
❏crop up
❏fade
❏significant
❏virtually
❏sample
❏infect
❏release
❏stockpile
❏vaccine
❏dose
❏initial
❏nasal
❏spray
❏recommend
❏vaccinate
❏infant
❏care for
❏dramatic
❏fetch
❏auctioneer
❏bid
❏bankruptcy
❏bull run
❏file for
❏momentum
❏bewilderingly
❏reckon
❏ego
❏controversy
❏gallery
❏overheated
❏stay away from
❏downturn
❏impressionist
❏fluctuant
❏slump
❏deliver
❏confidence
❏address
❏gathering
❏suburban
❏anecdote
❏burst into laughter
❏episode
❏crystallize
❏wreak havoc
❏virtual
❏epidemic
❏tangible
❏accompany
❏arrangement
❏first and foremost
❏image
❏stereotypical
❏glare at
❏perfect
❏automatic
❏consumer
❏counter
❏cue
❏in response to
❏fundamental
❏figure out
❏subtle
❏routine
❏moisturizer
❏disinfect
❏fabric
❏manufacture
❏shrewd
❏chewing gum
❏beverage
❏sip
❏adolescent
❏ritual
❏viable
❏tying
❏ruthless
❏emerge
❏erupt
❏tactic
❏jury
❏concrete
❏crucial
❏democratic
❏qualification
❏literacy
❏competent
❏juror
❏randomly
❏representative
❏defendant
❏entitle
❏trial
❏peer
❏verdict
❏conscience
❏letter of the law
❏representative democracy
❏procedure
❏superior
❏prohibit
❏blue-ribbon
❏conflict with
❏racial discrimination
❏eligible
❏exempt…from
❏usher
❏abolish
❏landmark
❏sustainability
❏concept
❏endure
❏unsustainability
❏orient
❏confusing
❏insurance
❏dot-com
❏boom
❏desperate for
❏sign on with
❏passion
❏dilemma
❏predictably
❏miserable
❏stare at
❏turn the corner
Use of English
语料库Para. 1
①The outbreak of swine flu that was first detected in Mexico was declared a global epidemic on June 11, 2009. ②It was the first worldwide epidemic 1(designated) by the World Health Organization in 41 years.
词汇与表达
outbreak
['aʊtbreɪk]
n.爆发
记 outbreak=break out=erupt 爆发(事情断裂→爆发)
detect
[dɪ'tekt]
vt.发现
记 de打开+tec(=cover)盖上→把盖上的打开→发现
拓 detection n.发觉(detect+ion)
detective n.侦探 a.侦探的(detect发觉+ive)
undetected a.未被发觉的(un不+detect+ed)
protect v.保护;防止(pro在前面+tect→在前面盖上→保护)
protection n.保护
declare
[dɪ'kleə]
vt.宣称
记 clear, clar, clair=clear, bright清楚,明白
de往下+clare清楚→往下把话说明白→宣称
拓 declaration n.定言;陈述(declar[e]+ation)
clearance n.清算;清除(clear+ance表名词)
clarify v.澄清,弄清
clarity n.清楚
clarification n.澄清;纯化
epidemic
['epɪ'demɪk]
n.流行病
记 dem(o)=people 人民
epi在……之间+dem人民+ic……的→流行于人民之中的→流行的,传染的
拓 epidemiology n.流行病学(logy……学)
democracy n.民主政体;民主国家(demo人民+cracy统治→人民统治→民主)
democratic a.民主的
designate
['dezɪɡneɪt]
vt.把……定名为
记 sign=mark 记号,信号
design n./v.计划;设计(de着重+sign→着重做记号→设计)
de+sign+ate→着重指定→把……定名为
拓 designation n.指定;任命(designat[e]+ion)
signal n.信号
signalize v.通知;发信号(signal信号+ize)
assign v.分配;指定(as+sign→不断给人信号→指定)
assignment n.分配;指定;作业(assign+ment)
signature n.签名;盖章(sign+ature→记号的东西→签名)
signify v.表示;象征(sign+ify→用信号表示→象征)
significance n.重要;意义(sign+ific带有+ance→带有信号→[有]意义)
significant a.有意义的
resign v.辞职;放弃(re再+sign→再做记号→再签字→[任职签一次]辞职签一次)
resignation n.辞职;听天由命
swine flu 猪流感
语料库Para. 2
①The heightened alert 2(followed) an emergency meeting with flu experts in Geneva that assembled after a sharp rise in cases in Australia, and rising 3(numbers) in Britain, Japan, Chile and elsewhere.
词汇与表达
alert
[ə'lɜːt]
n.警告
记 ert=erect(直)
al+ert站直了看→警惕的
emergency
[ɪ'mɜːdʒənsi]
n.紧急情况,突发事件
拓 merge v.淹没,合并
emerge v.显现(e往外+merge水→浮出水面→显现)
submerge v.沉没,淹没(sub+merge淹没→淹没下去)
assemble
[ə'semb(ə)l]
vt.集合,收集;组装
记 simil, simul, sembl=alike, same 相类似,一样
as不断+semble→不断使东西相同→组装(东西)
拓 similar a.同样的;相似的
similarity n.类似(similar相似的+ity)
simile n.直喻,明喻
assimilate v.同化;贯通(as不断+simil+ate→不断相同→同化)
simulate v.假装;模仿(simul+ate→做得相像→模仿)
simultaneous ['sɪml'teɪnɪəs] a.同时发生的(simult相同+aneous→[时间]相同的)
simultaneity ['sɪmltə'neɪətɪ] n.同时性(simult+aneity)
resemble v.类似,像……一样(re再+semble→再一样→类似)
语料库Para. 3
①But the epidemic is“ 4(moderate)”in severity, according to Margaret Chan, the organization's director general, 5(with) the overwhelming majority of patients experiencing only mild symptoms and a full recovery, often in the 6(absence) of any medical treatment.
词汇与表达
moderate
['mɒdərət]
a.中等的
记 mod=mode, manner 方式,模式,风度
moder[=mod]+ate→做事有风度→适度的
拓 modest a.谦虚的(mod+est→做事有风度→礼貌的)
modesty n.谦虚,有礼(modest+y)
remodel v.改变……的形状(或结构);改造(re再+mod+el→再造模型→改变……的形状)
modify v.修改(mod+ify→规范化→修改)
accommodate v.与……符合,容纳(ac+com共同+mod+ate→方式相同→与……符合)
commodity [kə'mɒdətɪ] n.商品(com共同+mod+ity→有共同模式的东西→商品)
outmoded a.过时的,旧式的(out出+mod+ed→模式出了时代→过时的)
severity
[sɪ'verəti]
n.严重
记 severe严重的+ity
overwhelming
['əʊvə'welmɪŋ]
a.压倒性的
拓 overwhelm v.压倒;泛滥(over+whelm推翻→翻过来→压倒)
over
①表示“过度,过分”
overstudy n.用功过度(over+study学习)
overwork n.过度劳累(over+work工作)
overdose n.药物过量(over+dose剂量)
overcrowded a.挤满的(over+crowded拥挤的)
②表示“在……之上”
overlap n./v.重叠(over+lap交叉→[大腿]交叉→重叠)
overlook v.俯视;疏忽(over+look看→在上面看→俯视,引申为“疏忽”)
overcoat n.外套(over+coat衣服→在衣服上的衣服→外套)
overcome v.战胜,克服(over+come来→来到上面→战胜)
③表示“翻转”
overturn v.颠覆(over+turn转→翻转)
overthrow v.推翻(over+throw扔→扔翻了→推翻)
director general 局长,处长
语料库Para. 4
①The outbreak came to global 7(notice) in late April 2009, when Mexican authorities noticed an unusually large number of hospitalizations and deaths 8(among) healthy adults.②As much of Mexico City shut down at the height of a panic, cases began to 9(crop up) in New York City, the southwestern United States and around the world.
词汇与表达
hospitalization
['hɒspɪtəlaɪ'zeɪʃən]
n.住院治疗
记 hospit, host=guest 客人
拓 hospital n.医院(客气对待病人的地方)
hospitalize v.使住院,就医
hospitality n.好客,殷勤(hospit+ality表性质名词)
hostage n.人质(host+age表名词→把客人[留住]→人质)
hotel n.旅馆(客人住的地方)
panic
['pænɪk]
n.恐慌
记 源自希腊语Panikos(潘神的)。Pan(潘)为希腊神话中半人半羊的山林和畜牧之神,被当作恐惧之源,传说中Pan在马拉松(Marathon)战役中,通过在敌军中制造panic的方式,帮助希腊联军打败了波斯军队。
shut down 关闭
crop up(意外地)出现,发生
语料库Para. 5
①In the United States, new cases seemed to fade 10(as) warmer weather arrived.②But in late September 2009, officials reported there was 11(significant) flu activity in almost every state and that virtually all the 12(samples) tested are the new swine flu, also known as (A) H1N1, not seasonal flu.③In the U.S., it has 13(infected) more than one million people, and caused more than 600 deaths and more than 6,000 hospitalizations.
词汇与表达
fade
[feɪd]
vi.逐渐消失
记 回眸一笑百媚生,六宫fade(粉黛)无颜色(→褪色→消失)
significant
[sɪg'nɪfɪkənt]
a.重大的
拓 sign n.记号,信号
signal n.信号
significance n.重要;意义(sign+ific带有+ance→带有信号→[有]意义)
virtually
['vɜːtjʊəli]
ad.事实上
记 源自于中古英语virtuall(有效的),virtue美德,正直→virtual由“正直”引申为“实际的”
sample
['sɑːmpl]
n.样本
记 s[=se分开]+ample→分开拿出→标本
“伞破”→破了的伞卖不出去,只能充当“样品”
infect
[ɪn'fekt]
vt.感染
记 fac, fact, fect, fic, fig=make, do做,制作
in进入+fect→做进去→传染进去
拓 infection n.传染;感化(infect+ion)
infectious a.传染性的(infect+ious)
facile a.容易做的(fac+ile能……的)
facilitate v.使容易(fac+ilitate能够→使能够做→使容易)
facility n.便利;便利设备(容易让人做事)
factor n.要素;动力(fact+or→促使人做的东西→要素;动力)
benefactor n.捐助者;恩人(bene好+fact+or→做好事的人)
benefaction n.善事;恩惠(bene好+fact+ion)
malefaction n.犯罪行为(male坏+fact+ion)
manufacture n.制造(业)(manu手+fact+ure→手做→制造业[机器发明前用手做]
affect v.影响;感动(af使+fect→使人做→影响)
affection n.感情;友情(affect+ion→感动→感情)
affectation n.假装(affect+ation→做出的感动→假装)
affectionate a.充满感情的(affection感情+ate)
defect n.缺点,缺陷;变节(de坏+fect→做坏了→缺陷)
effect v.实施;生效 n.效果(ef出+fect→做出来→生效;效果)
effective a.有效的(effect+ive)
perfect a.完美的;完全的(per全部+fect→全部做完→完美的)
perfection n.完全;完美(perfect+ion)
sacrifice v.牺牲n.牺牲品(sacri神圣+fice→为神做的东西→牺牲品)
efficient a.(做事)有效的(ef出+fic+ent→能做出事来→有效率的)
proficient a.精通的,熟练的(pro前+fic+ient→以前做过→熟练的)
proficiency n.精通,熟练(pro+fic+iency)
suffice v.使满足,充足(suf在下面+fice→在下面先做好→充足)
sufficient a.足够的,充分的(suffice+ient)
profit n.利润;利益(pro前+fit[=fict]→先做的好处→利益)
profitable a.有利润的(profit+able)
fiction n.虚构;小说(fict+ion→做出的故事→小说)
fictitious a.虚构的(fict+itious)
feature n.面貌;特征(feat+ure→做事的状态→做事特征)
feasible a.可行的;可能的(feas做+ible→能够做的→可行的)
defeat v.打败,摧毁(de向下+feat→做下去→打下去)
figure n.形象,人物(fig+ure→做出的状态→形象)
fashion n.时髦,风气(fash[=fac做]+ion→做出的东西→时髦)
fashionable a.时髦的,流行的(fashion+able)
语料库Para. 6
①Federal health officials 14(released) Tamiflu for children from the national stockpile and began 15(taking) orders from the states for the new swine flu vaccine.②The new vaccine, which is different from the annual flu vaccine, is 16(available) ahead of expectation. ③More than three million doses were to be made available in early October 2009, though most of those 17(initial) doses were of the FluMist nasal spray type, which is not 18(recommended) for pregnant women, people of 50 or those with breathing difficulties, heart disease or several other 19(problems) .④But it was still possible to vaccinate people in other high-risk groups: health-care workers, people 20(caring for) infants and healthy young people.
词汇与表达
release
[rɪ'liːs]
vt.释放
记 re反复+lease“松”→loose松开,解开→释放
stockpile
['stɒkpaɪl]
n.库存
记 stock本义为“树干”→站着不动,比喻“存”“储备”→财富储备,“股票”
pile堆→tile瓦片(纵向堆vs.横向铺)
stockpile→储备堆起来→库存
vaccine
[væk'sin]
n.疫苗
拓 疫苗,菌苗:削弱的或被杀死的病原菌的标本,如细菌或病毒,或病原菌结构的一部分,在配药时可产生对这种病原体的抗体,同时又不会引起严重传染。
dose
[dəʊs]
n.一剂
记 药喝太多,“都死”→需控制“剂量”→一剂,一服
initial
[ɪ'nɪʃəl]
a.最初的
记 it=go行走
in进入+it+ial→走进→开始的
拓 initiate v.开始;开创(in+it+iate)
initiative a.起步的 n.原动力(initiat[e]开始+ive)
exit n.出口,出去(ex出+it→走出,出口)
ambition n.雄心,志向(amb大+it+ion→走大步→雄心)
ambitious a.有雄心的(amb+it+ious)
transitory ['trænsətri] a.短暂的(trans交换+it+ory交换走→你走他来→短暂的)
transition n.过渡,转变(trans交换+it+ion→交换走→过渡)
circuit ['sɜːkɪt] n.环行;电路(circu环+it→环着走→环行)
nasal
['neɪzl]
a.鼻的
记 源自拉丁语nas鼻子nose→nasal
spray
[spreɪ]
n.喷雾 vi.喷
记 spring泉水→spray喷出
recommend
['rekə'mend]
vt.推荐
拓 commend [kə'mend] vt.赞扬;推荐(com+mend信任;命令→大家信任→赞扬;参考) recommend vt.赞扬;推荐(re+commend赞扬→一再赞扬)
vaccinate
['væksɪneɪt]
vi.接种疫苗
拓 18世纪,医学界对人体已经相当了解。医生们注意到一件很奇怪的事情:有些疾病人一生只会染患一次,好像身体会“记住”那种疾病似的,以保护自己不再受到感染。一位名叫金纳的医生进一步发现,得过牛痘的人都不会得天花。牛痘是一种类似于天花的疾病,只不过这种病的毒性较弱,原本只有母牛才会染上,因此被称为“牛痘”。借助于极度危险的人体实验,金纳证明天花是可以通过牛痘接种来预防的。这项被金纳称为“疫苗”(vaccine)的技术,即来源于拉丁文中表示“牛痘”(vaccinia→vacca牛)的词语。
记 vaccin疫苗+ate使动→vaccinate接种疫苗
infant
['ɪnfənt]
n.婴儿
记 来自拉丁语的infans:in (=not)+fari(=to speak),其原义是“不会说话的人”
care for 照料
Reading Comprehension
Text 1
语料库Para. 1
①The longest bull run in a century of art-market history ended on a dramatic note with a sale of 56 works by Damien Hirst, Beautiful Inside My Head Forever, at Sotheby's in London on September 15th, 2008. ②All but two pieces sold, fetching more than £70m, a record for a sale by a single artist.③It was a last victory.④As the auctioneer called out bids, in New York one of the oldest banks on Wall Street, Lehman Brothers, filed for bankruptcy.
词汇与表达
dramatic
[drə'mætɪk]
a.引人注目的
记 drama n.(在舞台上演的)戏剧,戏剧艺术
“卓玛”→戏剧人物;“抓妈”→怎么把妈妈抓起来了?一定是在演戏
源自于希腊语dran(做,表演)
搭 stage a drama上演一出戏
music drama音乐剧
costume drama古装戏
drama studio演播室
拓 dramatist n.剧作家
dramatize v.改编为戏剧
tragedy n. 悲剧→源自拉丁语trageodia(山羊之歌)。Tragos是希腊语“山羊”的意思。古希腊人常常宰羊作为祭礼,祭奉希腊酒神狄俄尼索斯。祭奉时人们对着祭礼羊,严肃静穆,声音凄惨,吟唱颂歌。
comedy n. 喜剧→Komos(狂欢节)上最引人注目的歌手叫Komdeidan,由此引申出comedy
fetch
['fetʃ]
vt.达到;售得
记 “飞取”→飞过去取回某东西,终于达到目标,售得很多钱
auctioneer
[ɔːkʃə'nɪə]
n.拍卖商
记 像action,拍卖时一锤子下去,“Action!开始!”然后auction就开始了
源自auctus(加,增加)=aug
拓 August n.八月(水果长大的季节)
augment n.增加,增大(augment one's income by hard working靠努力工作增加收入)
bid
[bɪd]
n.出价 vt.出价,投标
记 “逼得”,投标、出价都是被竞争对手给逼得努力喊价
中古英语beden(给,宣布)
搭 bid in出高价
bid up哄抬
bankruptcy
['bæŋkrʌptsɪ]
n.破产
记 rupt=break 断裂
bank柜台+rupt+cy(表名词)→柜台断了→破产
拓 corrupt a.腐败的(cor全部+rupt断→全断了→腐败的)
corruption n.腐败(cor+rupt+ion)
disrupt v.分裂;瓦解(dis分开+rupt→分开即断→分裂)
disruption n.分裂;瓦解(disrupt+ion)
erupt v.爆发;喷出(e出+rupt→断裂而喷出)
eruption n.爆发(erupt+ion)
interrupt v.打断(inter在……中间+rupt→在[讲话]中间打断)
例 an administration that bankrupted its credibility by seeking to manipulate the news由于政府想控制舆论,人们已失去了对它的信任
bull run 牛市
file for 申请
拓 file n./v.文件;提出(申请)(文件,档案→准备……文档→申请)
语料库Para. 2
①The world art market had already been losing momentum for a while after rising bewilderingly since 2003.②At its peak in 2007 it was worth some$65 billion, reckons Clare McAndrew, founder of Arts Economics, a research firm—double the figure five years earlier. ③Since then it may have come down to $50 billion. ④But the market generates interest far beyond its size because it brings together great wealth, enormous egos, greed, passion and controversy in a way matched by few other industries.
词汇与表达
momentum
[mə'mentəm]
n.势头
记 momentum=movement,来自于move→往前运动的“动力”“势头”,物理中用符号p表示,“动量,冲量”
bewilderingly
[bɪ'wɪldərɪŋli]
ad.令人困惑地
拓 be
①构成动词,表示“使……成为”
bewilder v.使……迷惑(be+wilder迷惑)
beware v.注意(be+ware注意)
befriend v.友好对待(be+friend朋友)
belittle v.小看(be+little小→小看人)
②构成一些介词
before prep.在前面(be+fore前面)
beneath prep.在下面(be+neath下面)
reckon
['rekən]
vt.认为
记 实际上这是一个短语:reck顾虑+on注意,在词汇演变过程中通假为一个词(reckon→认为)
拓 reckless→不顾虑→不计后果的,粗心大意的
ego
['iːgəʊ]
n.自我
拓 在精神分析学中指有意识地、最直接地控制思想和行为,与外部世界联系最多的那部分“自我”;与之相对,superego指“超我”,弗洛伊德理论中自我的一部分,由父母和社会道德标准的内在化而形成,审查并约束自我。
controversy
['kɒntrəvɜːsi]
n.辩论
记 ver, ert=turn 转
拓 controvert v.反驳;攻击(contro相反+vert→相反转→反驳)
incontrovertible a.不容争论的(in不+controvert反驳+ible→不容反驳的)
verse n.诗歌,韵文(转着反复说的话→诗歌)
version n.翻译;译文(vers+ion→从原文转出来→译文)
versatile a.多功能的;多才的(玩得转→有才能的)
versatility n.多才多艺
vertical a.垂直的(vert+ical[下垂的东西])
avert v.避开(a离开+vert→转开→避开)
advertise ['ædvətaɪz] v.做广告(ad一再+vert+ise→转来转去做广告)
advertisement [əd'vɜːtɪsmənt] n.广告
convert v.转化;改造(con共同+vert→共同转→转化)
divert [daɪ'vɜːt] v.转向;消遣(di偏离+vert转偏离→转向)
diversion [daɪ'vɜːʃn] n.转向;娱乐
revert v.恢复原状(re回+vert→转回来→恢复)
anniversary ['ænɪ'vɜːsərɪ] n.周年纪念日(anni年+vers+ary→一年转一次→纪念日
converse v.谈话,交际(con共同+vers+e→[两个齿轮对着]一起转→相反)
conversation ['kɒnvə'seɪʃn] n.谈话
diverse a.不同的(di分开+vers+e→转开了→不同的)
diversify v.多样化(di分开+vers+ify)
diversity n.多样性
reverse [rɪ'vɜːs] v.颠倒,逆转 a.相反的(re反+verse→反着转→颠倒)
universe n.宇宙(uni一个+vers+e→统一旋转→宇宙)
university n.大学(uni+vers+ity→由“宇宙”引申为“知识”,知识之地→大学)
语料库Para. 3
①In the weeks and months that followed Mr. Hirst's sale, spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable. ②In the art world that meant collectors stayed away from galleries and salerooms. ③Sales of contemporary art fell by two-thirds, and in the most overheated sector, they were down by nearly 90% in the year to November 2008.④Within weeks the world's two biggest auction houses, Sotheby's and Christie's, had to pay out nearly $200m in guarantees to clients who had placed works for sale with them.
词汇与表达
gallery
['gæləri]
n.美术馆
记 gallery“长廊,画廊”,源自于galilee,指中世纪英国教堂西端的小间或门廊,路径较长,经常悬挂宗教画像。
overheated
['əʊvə'hɪːtɪd]
a.过热的
记 over过度,过分+heat加热+ed→过热的
stay away from 躲避
语料库Para. 4
①The current downturn in the art market is the worst since the Japanese stopped buying Impressionists at the end of 1989.②This time experts reckon that prices are about 40%down on their peak on average, though some have been far more fluctuant.③But Edward Dolman, Christie's chief executive, says:“I'm pretty confident we're at the bottom.”
词汇与表达
downturn
['daʊntɜːn]
n.低迷时期
记 turn down→转到下边→低迷
impressionist
[ɪm'preʃənɪst]
n.印象派作家
记 impress=press 挤压
拓 impress v.盖印;使感动(im进+press→压进去→盖印→印入头脑→感动)
impression n.印象;感想(impress+ion)
impressionism n.印象派
pressing a.急迫的(press+ing)
pressure n.压力(press+ure)
compress [kəm'pres] v.压缩,缩短(com全部+press→全部压到一起)
depress v.压下;使沮丧(de向下+press→向下压→使情绪低下)
depressed a.感到压抑的(depress+ed)
depression [dɪ'preʃn] n.沮丧;萧条(depress+ion)
express [ɪks'pres] v.表达 n.特快(ex把[思想]挤出来→表达)
expression [ɪks'preʃn] n.表达;表情(express+ion)
oppress [ə'pres] v.压迫,虐待(op加强动作+press→拼命压→压迫)
oppression n.压迫;苦难(oppress+ion)
repress v.镇压;抑制(感情)(re回+press→压回去→镇压)
suppress v.镇压;忍住(眼泪等)(sup下去+press→压下去→忍住)
suppression n.镇压,平定(suppress+ion)
fluctuant
['flʌktjʊənt]
a.变动的
记 fluc=flu流动→fluctuate波动→fluctuant变动的
语料库Para. 5
①What makes this slump different from the last, he says, is that there are still buyers in the market. ②Almost everyone who was interviewed for this special report said that the biggest problem at the moment is not a lack of demand but a lack of good work to sell. ③The three Ds—death, debt and divorce—still deliver works of art to the market.④But anyone who does not have to sell is keeping away, waiting for confidence to return.
词汇与表达
slump
[slʌmp]
n.衰退
记 “死烂破”→不再新鲜风光→衰退
deliver
[dɪ'lɪvə]
vt.交付
记 de使动+liver(=liber)自由→把……给别人→递送,交付
confidence
['kɒnfɪdəns]
n.信心
记 fid=trust, faith 相信,信念
拓 fidelity [fɪ'delɪtɪ] n.坚贞;忠心(fid+elity表示性质→相信的性质→坚贞)
confide v.吐露;信托(con全部+fide→全部相信→吐露[真情])
confident a.自信的(con+fid+ent)
confidential a.秘密的,机密的(confident+ial→相信的人才知道→机密的)
diffident a.自卑的,胆怯的(dif不+fid+ent→不自信的)
Text 2
语料库Para. 1
①I was addressing a small gathering in a suburban Virginia living room—a women's group that had invited men to join them.②Throughout the evening, one man had been particularly talkative, frequently offering ideas and anecdotes, while his wife sat silently beside him on the couch.③Toward the end of the evening, I commented that women frequently complain that their husbands don't talk to them. ④This man quickly nodded in agreement. ⑤He gestured toward his wife and said, “She's the talker in our family.”⑥The room burst into laughter;the man looked puzzled and hurt.⑦“It's true,”he explained. ⑧“When I come home from work I have nothing to say. ⑨If she didn't keep the conversation going, we'd spend the whole evening in silence.”
词汇与表达
address
[ə'dres]
vt.演说
记 ad加强语气+dress(=direct)指向→起引导、导向作用的→“地址”;“演说”能引导听众的思维
gathering
['gæðərɪŋ]
n.集会
记 gather→get together聚集→gathering集会
suburban
[sə'bɜːbən]
a.郊区的
记 urb=city 城市
拓 suburb n.郊区(sub下面+urb→在城市下面→郊区)
urban a.城市的,都市的
exurban [eks'ɜːbən] a.城市远郊的(ex出+urban城市的→出城市→远郊的)
anecdote
['ænɪkdəʊt]
n.轶事
记 dot=give 给
an不+ec出+dote→not published→没出版的小故事
拓 antidote n.解毒药(anti对抗+dote)
burst into laughter 突然大笑
记 burst爆炸→burn燃烧→burst into突然……
语料库Para. 2
①This episode crystallizes the irony that although American men tend to talk more than women in public situations, they often talk less at home.②And this pattern is wreaking havoc with marriage.
词汇与表达
episode
['epɪsəʊd]
n.插曲
记 epi在……上,在……周围,在……后面
epi+sode路→在路上→一段经历;片段
拓 epidemic a.流行性的(epi+dem人民+ic→在人民周围→流行的)
crystallize
['krɪstəlaɪz]
vt.明确
记 crystal n. 晶体(一种由原子、离子或分子按一定规则有序排列而成的均质固体,在所组成部分之间有固定的距离) a.透明的,清澈的
crystal+l+ize使动→使之变清晰→明确
LCD:Liquid Crystal Display液晶显示器
wreak havoc 造成严重破坏
语料库Para. 3
①The pattern was observed by political scientist Andrew Hacker in the late 1970s.②Sociologist Catherine Kohler Riessman reports in her new book Divorce Talk that most of the women she interviewed—but only a few of the men—gave lack of communication as the reason for their divorces.③Given the current divorce rate of nearly 50 percent, that amounts to millions of cases in the United States every year—a virtual epidemic of failed conversation.
词汇与表达
virtual
['vɜːtʃuəl]
a.实质上的,事实上的
epidemic
['epɪ'demɪk]
n.流行病 a.流行性的
记 epi+dem人民+ic→在人民周围→流行的
语料库Para. 4
①In my own research, complaints from women about their husbands most often focused not on tangible inequities such as having given up the chance for a career to accompany a husband to his, or doing far more than their share of daily life-support work like cleaning, cooking, social arrangements.②Instead, they focused on communication:“He doesn't listen to me,”“He doesn't talk to me.”③I found, as Hacker observed years before, that most wives want their husbands to be, first and foremost, conversational partners, but few husbands share this expectation of their wives.
词汇与表达
tangible
['tændʒəbl]
a.切实的
记 tact, tag, tig, ting=touch 接触
tang+ible→能接触的→切实的
拓 intangible a.不能触知的(in不+tangible)
intact a.未触动的;完整的(in没有+tact)
tact n.机智;圆滑(和人接触的能力)
tactics n.战术;策略(tact+ics学问→接触[别人]的学问→策略)
contact n.接触;联系(con共同+tact→共同接触)
contagion n.传染,感染(con共同+tag+ion→共同接触到→传染)
contagious a.传染的(con+tag+ious)
accompany
[ə'kʌmpəni]
vt.陪伴
记 a+辅音双写,表示“一再”“加强”
ac+company伙伴→陪伴
拓 accelerate v.加速(ac+celer速度+ate→一再增加速度)
accumulate v.积累(ac+cumul堆积+ate→堆积起来→积累)
accustom v.使习惯(ac+custom习俗→习惯习俗)
addict vt.上瘾,入迷(ad+dict说→一再说起→入迷)
afford v.买得起(af+ford拿出→一再拿出[钱]→买得起)
affirm v.肯定(af+firm坚定→肯定)
aggression n.侵略,进攻(ag+gress走+ion→一再往前走→进攻)
aggrandize v.扩大(ag+grand大+ize→一再大→扩大[权力]等)
aggravate v.恶化(ag+grav重+ate病加重→恶化)
announce v. 通告(an+nounce通知→通告)
applause n.鼓掌(ap+plause赞扬→一再赞扬→鼓掌)
appreciate v.欣赏(ap+preci价值+ate→一再给价→欣赏)
appoint v.指定,任命(ap+point指→指定)
arrest v.逮捕,阻止(ar+rest休息→不让动→逮捕)
arrive v.到达(ar+rive河→到达河边→达到目标)
assist v.帮助(as+sist站→站过来→帮助)
associate v.联合,结合(as+soci社团+ate→结成团队→联合)
assimilate v.吸收;同化(as+simil相同+ate→成为相同→同化)
assure v.肯定;确信(as+sure确定→一再确定→肯定)
attach v.附上;依恋(at+tach接触→接触上→附上)
attain v.达到;获得(at+tain拿住→获得)
attend v.参加(at+tend关心→关心到了→出席)
attract v.吸引(at+tract拉→拉过来→吸引)
arrangement
[ə'reɪn(d)ʒm(ə)nt]
n.安排
记 arrange安排(ar+range排列→安排)
first and foremost 首先
记 fore前面+most最→最前面的
语料库Para. 5
①In short, the image that best represents the current crisis is the stereotypical cartoon scene of a man sitting at the breakfast table with a newspaper held up in front of his face, while a woman glares at the back of it, wanting to talk.
词汇与表达
image
['ɪmɪdʒ]
n.影像
记 imagine 想象→image“像”
stereotypical
['sterɪə'tɪpɪkl]
a.老一套的
记 stéréo 固体+type印刷铅字→stéréotype铅版印刷→白纸黑字不会变的→陈腔滥调,老套
glare at 怒视
记 glare来自中古英语
glaren(=glitter)闪烁,闪闪发光→眼里发强光→强光;怒视
Text 3
语料库Para. 1
①Over the past decade, many companies had perfected the art of creating automatic behaviors—habits—among consumers. ②These habits have helped companies earn billions of dollars when customers eat snacks or wipe counters almost without thinking, often in response to a carefully designed set of daily cues.
词汇与表达
perfect
[pə'fekt]
vt.使完美
拓 perfect ['pɜːfɪkt] a.完美的;完全的(per全部+fect→全部做完→完美的)
automatic
['ɔːtə'mætɪk]
a.自动的
记 auto自动+matic
consumer
['kən'sjuːmə]
n.消费者
记 sum, sumpt=take 拿,取
consume v.消费,吃光(con全部+sum+e→全部拿光→消费)
consumer n.消费者(consum[e]消费+er人)
拓 assume v.承担;假装,假定(as加强动作+sum+e→拿往→承担[责任])
assumption n.假设,承担(as+sumpt+ion)
resume v.拿回;恢复(自由等)(re回+sum+e→拿回去,也可解释为“重新拿起,继续”)
counter
['kaʊntə]
n.柜台
记 counter 反对,相反
counter n.柜台([买卖双方]相对而立→柜台)
拓 counter-strike n.反恐精英
counteract v.对抗;抵消(counter+act行为→反着行动→对抗)
counter-clockwise a.逆时针的
cue
[kjuː]
n.线索
记 cue是queue的变体,“行列”→按图索骥,“线索”
in response to 回应
记 spond, spons=promise 承诺
respond v.回答;反应(re回+spond→承诺回去→回答)
response n.回答;答应(respond的名词)
拓 responsible a.有责任的(respons[e]回应+ible→能回应的→负责任的)
correspond v.符合;通信(cor共同+respond回答→两人互相回答→通信)
spontaneous a.自愿的;自发的(spont+aneous→自[内心]承诺→自愿的)
语料库Para. 2
①“There are fundamental public health problems, like hand washing with soap, that remain killers only because we can't figure out how to change people's habits,”said Dr. Curtis, the director of the Hygiene Center at the London School of Hygiene& Tropical Medicine. ②“We wanted to learn from private industry how to create new behaviors that happen automatically.”
词汇与表达
fundamental
['fʌndə'mentl]
a.根本的
记 found, fund=base 基础
拓 foundation n.基础,地基
founder n.奠基者(found+er人)
profound a.深刻的,深远的(pro前面+found→有基础在前面→有根基的,深刻的)
figure out 指出
语料库Para. 3
①The companies that Dr. Curtis turned to—Procter&Gamble, Colgate-Palmolive and Unilever—had invested hundreds of millions of dollars finding the subtle cues in consumers' lives that corporations could use to introduce new routines.
词汇与表达
subtle
['sʌtl]
a.微妙的
记 来自拉丁语subtilis(细的,薄的)→sub-次+tela织
在下(sub)面偷(tle)偷牵手,关系“微妙”
routine
[ruː'tiːn]
n.日常工作
记 来自于route(路)→每天固定走的路→常规,日常工作
语料库Para. 4
①If you look hard enough, you'll find that many of the products we use every day—chewing gums, skin moisturizers, disinfecting wipes, air fresheners, water purifiers, health snacks, teeth whiteners, fabric softeners, vitamins—are results of manufactured habits.②A century ago, few people regularly brushed their teeth multiple times a day. ③Today, because of shrewd advertising and public health campaigns, many Americans habitually give their pearly whites a cavity-preventing scrub twice a day, often with Colgate, Crest or one of the other brands.
词汇与表达
moisturizer
['mɔɪstʃəraɪzə(r)]
n.润肤膏
记 moist潮湿的→moisture潮湿→moisturize变湿,使湿→moisturizer保湿霜
disinfect
['dɪsɪn'fekt]
vt.将……消毒
记 dis否定+infect感染→不感染→消毒
fabric
['fæbrɪk]
n.织物
记 fabric=make 制作
拓 fabricate v.捏造;制作(fabric+ate)
manufacture
['mænjʊ'fæktʃə]
v./n.制造
记 man, manu=hand手
manu+fact做+ure→用手做→制造
拓 manage v.办理;管理(man+age→用手做→引申为“管理”)
manacle n.手铐;束缚(man+acle东西→手上的东西→手铐)
manual a.手工的 n.手册(man手+ual)
manifest a.明显的 v.表明;证实(mani+fest打击→用手打出→不隐藏→表明)
manipulate v.巧妙处理;操纵(mani+pul一捆+ate→同时用手做一堆事情→巧妙处理)
manuscript n.手稿(manu手+script写→手写→手稿)
maintain v.保持,维持(main[=man手]+tain拿→用手拿住→保持)
shrewd
[ʃruːd]
a.精明的
记 shrew n.尖鼠(读音类似“鼠”)→shrewd像尖鼠一样的→精明的,敏锐的
chewing gum 口香糖
语料库Para. 5
①A few decades ago, many people didn't drink water outside of a meal. ②Then beverage companies started bottling the production of far-off springs, and now office workers unthinkingly sip bottled water all day long.③Chewing gum, once bought primarily by adolescent boys, is now featured in commercials as a breath freshener and teeth cleanser for use after a meal.④Skin moisturizers are advertised as part of morning beauty rituals, slipped in between hair brushing and putting on makeup.
词汇与表达
beverage
['bevərɪdʒ]
n.饮料
记 bever=drink喝
sip
[sɪp]
vt.啜
记 音似“吸”
adolescent
['ædə'lesnt]
a.青春期的
拓 adolescent及adult这两个词都表示人类生命循环中的两个阶段,并且都来自于同一个拉丁词adolescere的不同形式,意为“成长”。adolescere的现在分词形式产生出adolescent,表示“正在成长的”,而其过去分词adult意为“已经长大的”,所以前者叫作“青春期的;青少年”,后者意为“成人的;成年人”。
ritual
['rɪtʃʊəl]
n.惯例
记 rite仪式→ritual典礼→既定程序→惯例
语料库Para. 6
①“Our products succeed when they become part of daily or weekly patterns,”said Carol Berning, a consumer psychologist who recently retired from Procter &Gamble, the company that sold$76 billion of Tide, Crest and other products last year.②“Creating positive habits is a huge part of improving our consumers' lives, and it's essential to making new products commercially viable.”
词汇与表达
viable
['vaɪəbl]
a.可行的
记 viv, vit, vig=life,表示“生命”
vi+able→能活下来的方法→可行的
拓 vivid a.活泼的;生动的(viv+id)
vivify v.给予生机;鼓励(viv+ify)
revive v.复活(re再+viv+e→复活)
survive v.存活,幸存(sur在下面+viv+e→在[事故]下面或下来→幸存)
vital a.有活力的;重要的(vit+al)
vitality [vaɪ'tælɪtɪ] n.活力(vital+ity)
vitamin ['vɪtəmɪn] n.维生素(vit+a+min素→生命要素→维生素)
vigor n.精力
语料库Para. 7
①Through experiments and observation, social scientists like Dr. Berning have learned that there is power in tying certain behaviors to habitual cues through ruthless advertising.②As this new science of habit has emerged, controversies have erupted when the tactics have been used to sell questionable beauty creams or unhealthy foods.
词汇与表达
tying
['taɪɪŋ]
v.系(tie的ing形式)
记 tie粤语音译为“呔”→n.带子,领带 v.系带子
ruthless
['ruːθləs]
a.无情的
记 ruth怜悯,悲哀+less否定后缀→毫无怜悯的→无情的
emerge
[ɪ'mɜːdʒ]
vi.浮现
记 e往外+merge水→到水外面来→浮出
erupt
[ɪ'rʌpt]
vi.爆发
记 erupt v.爆发;喷出(e出+rupt→断裂而喷出)
tactic
['tæktɪk]
n.策略
拓 tactics n.战术;策略(tact+ics学问→接触[别人]的学问→策略)
Text 4
语料库Para. 1
①Many Americans regard the jury system as a concrete expression of crucial democratic values, including the principles that all citizens who meet minimal qualifications of age and literacy are equally competent to serve on juries;that jurors should be selected randomly from a representative cross section of the community; that no citizen should be denied the right to serve on a jury on account of race, religion, sex, or national origin;that defendants are entitled to trial by their peers;and that verdicts should represent the conscience of the community and not just the letter of the law. ②The jury is also said to be the best surviving example of direct rather than representative democracy.③In a direct democracy, citizens take turns governing themselves, rather than electing representatives to govern for them.
词汇与表达
jury
['dʒʊəri]
n. [法]陪审团
记 jur, juris=swear, law发誓,法律
jur+y→发誓的人→陪审团
拓 jural a.法制的,法律上的(jur+al)
injury n.伤害;不法行为(in不+jury法→不法行为)
perjury n.假誓;伪证(per假+jury→假发誓)
jurisdiction n.司法权;权限(juris+dict说,命令+ion→法律上命令→司法权)
concrete
['kɒŋkriːt]
a.具体的 n.混凝土
记 cre, creas=grow, make 增长,产生
con共同+crete(=cre制造)→共同制造→混凝土)
拓 concretion n.凝结;结石(concret[e]+ion)
create v.创造(cre+ate→增长→创造)
creative a.有创造性的(creat[e]+ive)
creature n.生物;创造物(creat[e]+ure→创造物,生物)
recreate v.休养;再造(re再+create→再创造→休养[再创能量])
recreation n.娱乐,消遣(recreat[e]+ion)
decrease v.减少(de向下+crease增长→向下增加→减少)
increase v.增加(in向内+crease向内增加→增加)
procreate v.繁殖;生产(pro向前+create创造→不断创造→繁殖)
crucial
['kruːʃl]
a.重要的
记 cruc, crus, crux=cross 十字形,交叉
cruc+ial→十字路口→关键的
拓 cruise v.巡航;徘徊(cru+ise→做十字架航行→巡航)
cruiser n.巡洋舰(cruis[e]+er)
crux n.难点;关键(crux→十字→十字路口→关键)
democratic
['demə'krætɪk]
a.民主的
记 demo人民+cratic→民主的
拓 democracy [dɪ'mɒkrəsɪ] n. 民主;民主政治,民主政体;民主主义(demo人民+cracy统治→人民统治→人民做主)
qualification
['kwɒlɪfɪ'keɪʃn]
n.资格
记 qualify→qual素质,质量+ify使动→使有资格
literacy
['lɪtərəsi]
n.读写能力
记 liter=letter 文字,字母
liter+acy→读写能力
拓 literate a.识字的(liter+ate)
illiterate a.不识字的,文盲的(il不+literate识字的)
illiteracy n.文盲(il不+literacy)
literature ['lɪtərɪtʃə] n.文学(liter+ature状态→文字状态→文学)
literary ['lɪtərərɪ] a.文学的(liter+ary)
literal ['lɪtərəl] a.文字上的,字面上的(liter+al)
competent
['kɒmpɪtənt]
a.胜任的
记 pet=seek 追寻,寻求
compet(e)+ent→竞争的(能力)→有资格的
拓 competence n.资格,能力(compet[e]+ence→竞争的[能力]→资格)
incompetent a.无能的(in无+competent有能力的)
compete v.竞争,竞赛(com共同+pete→共同追求[一个目标]→竞争)
competitive [kəm'petɪtɪv] a.有竞争力的(compet[e]+itive)
appetite n.欲望;胃口(ap加强动作+pet+ite→一再追求→有胃口)
appetizer n.开胃食品(appet胃口+izer东西)
impetus n.动力,冲动(im内+pet+us→内在的追求→冲动)
perpetuate v.使永久,不朽(per全部,永久+pet+uate→追求永久)
perpetual a.永久的(per+pet+ual)
juror
['dʒʊərə]
n.陪审员
记 jur (y)陪审团+or人→陪审团里的人→陪审员
randomly
['rændəmli]
ad.随便地
记 ran(=run跑)+dom后缀→横冲直撞的,胡乱的→随机的
representative
['reprɪ'zentətɪv]
a.代议制的
记 源自拉丁语repraesentare:re又,再+present出席→代表
defendant
[dɪ'fendənt]
n.被告
记 fend, fens=strike 打击
defend v.保卫,防御(de去掉+fend→去掉打击→打退敌人→保卫)
defendant n.被告人(defend+ant人→被告)
拓 defense n.保卫(defend的名词)
offend v.冒犯,得罪(of一再+fend→一再打击[别人]→得罪)
offensive a.冒犯的(of+fens+ive)
entitle
[ɪn'taɪtl]
vt.使……有权利
记 em, en使动
en使动+title头衔→有权做……
拓 embrace v.拥抱(em+brace胳膊→进入怀抱)
embed v.安置;嵌于(em+bed范围;床→进入范围→安置)
embarrass v.使难堪(em+barrass套子→进入套子→难堪)
enroll v.注册,记入名册(en+roll名单)
empower v.授权(em+power权力)
embitter v.使痛苦(em+bitter痛苦的)
embody v.体现(em+body身体→[精神]进入身体→体现)
enact v.制定;颁布(en+act行动→进入行动→颁布[法令])
endanger v.使危险(en+danger危险)
encourage v.鼓励(en+courage勇气→使人有勇气→鼓励)
enlighten v.启发,开导(en+light光+en→给人光明→启发)
trial
['traɪəl]
n.审讯
记 tri(try)试验+al名词后缀
peer
[pɪə]
n.同等的人 v.凝视
记 “一群人”围在一起,费了好大的劲,结果“屁也”没看到
verdict
['vɜːdɪkt]
n.裁定
记 dict, dic=say, assert 说话,断言
ver真实+dict→说真实话→裁决
拓 dictate v.口授;命令;听写(dict+ate说话→口授,命令)
dictator n.发命令者;独裁者(dictat[e]+or→发命令者)
diction n.措辞;词语的选择(dict+ion→说话状态→措辞)
dictionary n.字典(diction+ary→措辞的书→字典)
contradict v.反驳;否认(contra反+dict→反说→反驳)
contradictory a.矛盾的,对立的(contradict反驳+ory)
edict n.法令;布告(e出+dict说→说出→布告,法令)
predict v.预言;预告(pre预先+dict)
prediction n.预言;预告(predict+ion)
dedicate v.献身于,致力于(de加强+dic说+ate→再说→努力献身)
indicate v.指示;表示(in进入+dicate→说进去→指示,指明)
addict v.沉溺,上瘾(ad一再+dict说→说了还说→沉溺)
addiction n.沉溺,嗜好;吸毒成瘾(addict+ion)
conscience
['kɒnʃəns]
n.良心
记 sci=know 知道
con全部+sci+ence→全部知道→有良知→良心
拓 science n.科学;学问(sci+ence)
scientific a.科学的(sci+ent+ific)
conscious ['kɔnʃəs] n.有意识的;自觉的(con+sci+ous→知道的→有意识的)
conscientious a.有责任心的(con全部+sci+entious多……的→知道关心多→有责任心的)
subconscious a.潜意识的(sub下面+conscious有意识的→在意识之下→潜意识的)
pseudoscience n.伪科学(pseudo假+science科学)
letter of the law 法律条文
representative democracy 代议制民主
语料库Para. 2
①But as recently as in 1968, jury selection procedures conflicted with these democratic ideals.②In some states, for example, jury duty was limited to persons of supposedly superior intelligence, education, and moral character. ③Although the Supreme Court of the United States had prohibited intentional racial discrimination in jury selection as early as the 1880 case of Strauder v. West Virginia, the practice of selecting so-called elite or blue-ribbon juries provided a convenient way around this and other anti-discrimination laws.
词汇与表达
procedure
[prə'siːdʒə]
n.程序
记 ced, ceed, cess=go 行走,前进
pro在前+ced+ure→在前面走完的程序
拓 proceed v.继续进行,前进(pro向前+ceed→向前走→前进)
precede v.在先,优于(pre预先+cede→预先走→优于)
precedent n.先例;惯例(preced[e]+ent→预先走的东西→先例)
ancestor n.祖先;祖宗;先驱;原型(an[=ante]+cest[=cess]+or→走在前面的人→祖先)
concession n.让步;退位
recede v.撤回;交还(领土)(re后+cede→向后走→撤退)
excess n.过度,过剩
excessive a.过分的;过度的
process n.过程;进行
access n.接近;入口
accessible a. 能接近的;可进去的
succeed v.成功;继续(suc随后+ceed→随后跟上→继续→继续做→成功)
success n.成功;胜利
succession n.接连发生
recess n.休息;隐居(re回+cess→走回去→休息)
recession n.撤退;交还(recess+ion→走回去→撤退)
superior
[suː'pɪərɪə]
a.优秀的
记 ior形容词后缀,“较……的”
super在上面
拓 inferior a.低下的(infer下面)
anterior a.较早的(anter早)
posterior a.较后的(poster后)
exterior a.外部的(exter外)
interior a.内部的(inter内)
senior a.年长的(sen年老)
junior a.年少的(jun年轻)
prohibit
[prə'hɪbɪt]
vt.阻止
记 hibit=hold,表示“拿住”
pro前面+hibit→在前面拿住→不让前进→阻止
拓 exhibit [ɪg'zɪbɪt] v./n.展览;显示(ex出+hibit→拿来→展览)
exhibition [eksɪ'bɪʃən] n.展览,表演(exhibit+ion)
inhibit v.禁止,阻止(in不+hibit→不能拿→禁止)
uninhibited a.不被禁止的(un不+inhibit禁止+ed)
blue-ribbon
[bluː'rɪbən]
a.第一流的
记 blue蓝色,ribbon丝带,在英语文化中“蓝绶带”指在竞赛中第一名所得的用蓝色缎带制成的奖章、徽章或蔷薇花饰。
conflict with与……冲突、矛盾
记 conflict ['kɔnflikt]冲突(con+flict打→一起打斗→冲突)
racial discrimination 种族歧视
拓 dis
①表示“不,消失掉”
dislike v.不喜欢(dis+like喜爱→不喜爱)
disorder n.无秩序(dis+order顺序→没有顺序)
dishonest a.不诚实的(dis+honest诚实的)
disappear v.消失(dis+appear出现→不出现→消失)
discourage v.使失去勇气(dis+courage勇气)
dispel v.驱除,消除(dis+pel推→推开→驱除)
discover v.发现(dis+cover盖→把盖揭开→发现)
②表示“分开,分离”
dispense v.分配(dis+pense花费→分开花费→分配[财富等])
distract v.分心(dis+tract拉→把[心]拉开→分心)
discriminate v.辨别;歧视(dis+crimin分辨+ate→分辨开)
dismiss v.解散;开除(dis+miss送→送出→解散)
discard v.丢弃,抛弃(dis+card扔→扔出去)
discuss v.讨论(dis+cuss敲打→把[问题]分开敲→讨论)
语料库Para. 3
①The system also failed to regularly include women on juries until the mid-20th century.②Although women first served on state juries in Utah in 1898, it was not until the 1940s that a majority of states made women eligible for jury duty. ③Even then several states automatically exempted women from jury duty unless they personally asked to have their names included on the jury list.④This practice was justified by the claim that women were needed at home, and it kept juries unrepresentative of women through the 1960s.
词汇与表达
eligible
['elɪdʒəbl]
a.合格的
记 lect, lig=choose, gather 选择,收集
e出+lig+ible→选出来的→合格的
拓 collect v.收集,集中(col一起+lect→收到一起)
collection n.集合;收藏(collect+ion)
collective a.集体的(collect+ive→集中到一起→集体的)
elect v.选出,选举(e出+lect→选出)
election n.选举(elect+ion)
intellect n.智慧,智者(intel在……中间+lect→在中间选出的人→智者)
intellectual a.聪明的n.知识分子(intellect+ual)
intelligence n.智力;聪明(intel在……中间+lig+ence→从中选出好的→智力)
neglect v.疏忽,轻视(neg没有+lect→没有选→疏忽)
select v.选择(se分开+lect→选出来→选择)
elegant ['elɪgənt] a.高雅的;美好的(e出+leg[=lig]+ant→选出的→好的,高雅的)
elite n.精英人物(e出+lite[=lig]选→选出的[人物]→精英人物)
exempt…from 免除
记 em, empt, ampl=take, procure 拿,获得
exempt v.免除,豁免(ex出+empt拿→拿出→豁免)
拓 exemption n.免除,豁免(exempt+ion)
redeem v.赎回,买回(red=[re]回+eem[=em]→拿回→赎回)
ample a.充足的(拿得多,很充足)
sample n.样品,标本(s[=se]分开+ample→分开拿出→标本)
example n.样本;榜样(ex出+ample→拿出来→作为榜样)
exemplify v.举例说明(ex+empl+ify)
语料库Para. 4
①In 1968, the Congress of the United States passed the Jury Selection and Service Act, ushering in a new era of democratic reforms for the jury. ②This law abolished special educational requirements for federal jurors and required them to be selected at random from a cross section of the entire community. ③In the landmark 1975 decision Taylor v. Louisiana, the Supreme Court extended the requirement that juries be representative of all parts of the community to the state level. ④The Taylor decision also declared sex discrimination in jury selection to be unconstitutional and ordered states to use the same procedures for selecting male and female jurors.
词汇与表达
usher
['ʌʃə]
vt.引导
记 香港电影里面经常称警察“阿Sir”,警察“引导”我们
abolish
[ə'bɒlɪʃ]
vt.废除
记 abol=do away with(消除)
landmark
['lændmɑːk]
n. [航]里程碑
记 land路+mark标→路标→里程碑
Translation
语料库Para. 1
“Sustainability” has become a popular word these days, but to Ted Ning, the concept will always have personal meaning. Having endured a painful period of unsustainability in his own life made it clear to him that sustainability-oriented values must be expressed through everyday action and choice.
词汇与表达
sustainability
[sə'steɪnəbɪləti]
n.承受力
记 sus表示“在……下面”
sustain v.支撑;承受(sus+tain握住→在下面握住→支撑)
拓 suspect v.怀疑(sus+pect看→在下面看一看→怀疑)
suspend v.悬挂;中止(sus+pend挂→挂在下面→悬挂)
tain, ten, tin=hold拿住
attain v.获得(at加强动作+tain→拿住了→获得)
contain v.包含,包容(con全部+tain→全部拿住→包容)
entertain v.招待;娱乐(enter在中间+tain→在[工作]中间拿→娱乐)
detain v.阻拦;拘留(de加强动作+tain→拿住,拿下→拘留)
maintain v.维持;坚持(main[=man]手+tain→用手拿住→坚持)
maintenance n.维护;坚持(main+ten+ance,maintain的名词)
obtain v.获得,达到(ob加强动作+tain→拿到→获得)
retain v.维持,保留(re回+tain→拿回来→保留)
tenable ['tenəbl] a.可守住的(ten+able→能拿住的)
tenacious a.固执的(ten+acious多……的→拿住不放→固执的)
tenant n.佃户;房客(ten+ant人→拿[钱]租房的人)
tenancy n.租赁(期限)
tenure n.占有权;终身制(ten+ure→拿住状态→占有权)
content ['kɒntent] n.内容,容量 [kən'tent] a.满足的(con全部+tent→全部拿住→容量,引申为“满足的”)
discontent a.不满的(dis不+content→不满足的)
continue v. 继续(con全部+tin+ue→全部拿住→做事做到尾→继续)
continuous a.连续不断的
concept
['kɒnsept]
n.概念
记 cap, capt, cept,ceive, cip, cup=take, hold, seize 拿,抓,握住
concept n.概念(大家一起拿住的含义)
拓 capacity n.容量,才能(cap+acity→拿住的能力→容量;才能)
capacious a.宽阔的;容积大的(capacity的形容词)
caption n.标题;字幕(cap抓+tion抓住主要内容→标题)
captive n.俘虏(把人拿下)
capture v.逮捕,捉拿(cap+ture→抓住毛病→捕捉)
accept v.接受;承认
intercept v.拦截,阻止(inter在……中间+cept拿住→拦截)
except prep.除外(ex出+cept→拿出)
conceive v.想象;构想
deceive v.欺骗
perceive v.知觉;发觉
receive v.接受;收到(re再+ceive抓→全部→发觉)
receipt n.收据
anticipate v.预料;预期(anti前+cip抓+ate→开始抓→预料)
participant n.参与者
principal a.主要的;首要的(prin主要的+cip+al)
recipient n.接受者
occupy v.占领;使用(oc再次+cupy抓→抓住地盘→占领)
occupation n.职业;占有
preoccupation n.全神贯注
endure
[ɪn'dʊr]
vt.忍耐
记 dur=last, hard 持久,坚硬
en进入+dure→进入持久→耐久
拓 endurance n.忍耐力(endur[e]+ance)
durable a.持久的(dur+able)
duration n.持续时间(dur+ation)
unsustainability
[ʌnsə'steɪnə'bɪlɪti]
n.不可持续性
记 un否定+sustain承受+ability能力
orient
['ɔːrɪənt]
vt.确定方向
记 ori, orig=rise, begin ,表示“升起,开始”
ori+ent→(太阳)升起的→ a.东方的 v.确定方向(弄清太阳升起的地方)
拓 orientation [ɔːrɪen'teɪʃən] n.定向,定位(orient东方+ation→向东方→定位)
disorient v.使迷失方向(dis失去+orient东方→失去方向)
origin ['ɔrɪdƷɪn] n.起源;出身(orig+in→[生命]开始→起源)
original [ə'rɪdƷənəl] a.起源的;独创的(origin+al)
originate [ə'rɪdƷɪneɪt] v.起源,发生(origin起源+ate)
语料库Para. 2
Ning recalls spending a confusing year in the late 1990s selling insurance. He'd been through the dot-com boom and burst and, desperate for a job, signed on with a Boulder agency.
词汇与表达
confusing
[kən'fjuːzɪŋ]
a.令人困惑的
记 fus=pour 流,泻
con共同+fuse→流到一起→混合,混乱
拓 diffuse v.散播 a.四散的(dif分开+fuse→分流→散播)
effuse v.流出;吐露(ef出+fuse→流出)
infuse v.注入,灌输(in进入+fuse→流进去→注入)
profuse a.丰富的;浪费的(pro向前+fuse→向前流→充足的,丰富的)
refuse v.拒绝(re回+fuse→向回流→拒绝)
transfuse v.输血;倾注(trans交换+fuse→把[血]换过去→输血)
refute v./n.反驳,驳斥(re反+fute[=fuse]→反流→反驳)
insurance
[ɪn'ʃʊərəns]
n.保险
记 sur=sure 肯定
in进入+sure→进入肯定→不担心→保险
拓 assure v.保证;确信(as再+sure→一再肯定→确信)
reassure v.使确信,使放心(re再+assure确信→再次使人确信)
dot-com
['dɒtkɒm]
n.网络公司
记 就是我们现在常说的“.com”,dot小圆点
boom
[buːm]
n.繁荣
记 拟声词,源自中古英语 bomben(一种噪音的象声词)→ bomb 炸弹 →boom像炸弹一样炸出→繁荣
desperate for 需要
记 sper=hope,表示“希望”
de去掉+sper+ate→去掉希望→绝望的
拓 despair [dɪs'peə] v.绝望(de去掉+spair[=sper]希望)
prosper v.繁荣(pro前面+sper→希望在前面→繁荣)
prosperous a.繁荣的(prosper+ous)
sign on with 与……签约
语料库Para. 3
It didn't go well. “It was a really bad move because that's not my passion,” says Ning, whose dilemma about the job translated, predictably, into a lack of sales. “I was miserable, I had so much anxiety that I would wake up in the middle of the night and stare at the ceiling. I had no money and needed the job. Everyone said,‘Just wait, you'll turn the corner, give it some time.'”
词汇与表达
passion
['pæʃn]
n.激情
记 pass=feeling 感情
拓 passive a.消极的,被动的(pass+ive→感情用事→被动的)
impassive a.冷漠的(im无+pass+ive→无感情的)
compassion n.同情(com共同+pass+ion→共同感情→同情)
patience ['peɪʃəns] n.耐心;忍受(pat[=pass]+ience→感情,有感情就有耐心→耐心)
compatible [kəm'pætəbl] a.和谐的,相容的(com共同+pat+ible→有共同感情的→相容的)
compatibility n.和谐共处(com+pat+ibility)
dilemma
[dɪ'lemə]
n.困境
记 lemma=argument(争论)
di表示二,两种争论→进退两难
predictably
[prɪ'dɪktəbli]
ad.可预言地
记 pre表示“……前的,预先”
predict v.预言,预报(pre+dict说→预先说→预言)
拓 preschool a.学龄前的(pre+school学校→上学前的)
prehistory n.史前(pre+history历史)
prefix n.前缀(pre+fix固定→固定在前面→前缀)
preposition n.前置词,介词(pre+position位置→位置放在前面→前置词)
prepay v.预付(pre+pay付钱)
precaution n.预防措施(pre+caution小心→预先小心→预防)
precede v.(在时间上)先于,早于(pre+cede走→走在前面→[时间上]先于)
precise a.精确的,精细的(pre+cise切→预先切好的→精确的)
preoccupation [pri'ɒkju'peɪʃn] n.全神贯注(pre+occup占有+ation→优先占有[注意力]→全神贯注)
miserable
['mɪzrəbl]
a.悲惨的
记 miser=wretched“可怜的”
拓 miser n.小气鬼(小气鬼活得很可怜)
misery n.可怜,可悲(miser+y)
法国著名作家Victor Hugo经典名著Les Miserable,相当于英语中的The Miserable,中文翻译成《悲惨世界》。
stare at 盯着看
记 “死呆”地看着
turn the corner 情况好转
记 转过拐角→来到宽敞大道,直线前进→情况好转
Check!
❏abolish
❏accompany
❏address
❏adolescent
❏alert
❏anecdote
❏arrangement
❏assemble
❏auctioneer
❏automatic
❏bankruptcy
❏beverage
❏bewilderingly
❏bid
❏blue-ribbon
❏boom
❏bull run
❏burst into laughter
❏care for
❏chewing gum
❏competent
❏concept
❏concrete
❏confidence
❏conflict with
❏confusing
❏conscience
❏consumer
❏controversy
❏counter
❏crop up
❏crucial
❏crystallize
❏cue
❏declare
❏defendant
❏deliver
❏democratic
❏designate
❏desperate for
❏detect
❏dilemma
❏director general
❏disinfect
❏dose
❏dot-com
❏downturn
❏dramatic
❏ego
❏eligible
❏emerge
❏emergency
❏endure
❏entitle
❏epidemic
❏epidemic
❏episode
❏erupt
❏exempt…from
❏fabric
❏fade
❏fetch
❏figure out
❏file for
❏first and foremost
❏fluctuant
❏fundamental
❏gallery
❏gathering
❏glare at
❏hospitalization
❏image
❏impressionist
❏in response to
❏infant
❏infect
❏initial
❏insurance
❏juror
❏jury
❏landmark
❏letter of the law
❏literacy
❏manufacture
❏miserable
❏moderate
❏moisturizer
❏momentum
❏nasal
❏orient
❏outbreak
❏overheated
❏overwhelming
❏panic
❏passion
❏peer
❏perfect
❏predictably
❏procedure
❏prohibit
❏qualification
❏racial discrimination
❏randomly
❏reckon
❏recommend
❏release
❏representative
❏representative democracy
❏ritual
❏routine
❏ruthless
❏sample
❏severity
❏shrewd
❏shut down
❏sign on with
❏significant
❏sip
❏slump
❏spray
❏stare at
❏stay away from
❏stereotypical
❏stockpile
❏subtle
❏suburban
❏superior
❏sustainability
❏swine flu
❏tactic
❏tangible
❏trial
❏turn the corner
❏tying
❏unsustainability
❏usher
❏vaccinate
❏vaccine
❏verdict
❏viable
❏virtual
❏virtually
❏wreak havoc