第一节 判断题

一、题型介绍

判断题的出题方式是给出若干个题目（陈述句），要求考生根据文章所给的信息对每个题目做出判断。如果题目内容与文章内容一致，则选TRUE / YES；如果题目内容与文章内容相抵触，则选FALSE / NO；如果题目内容在文章中并没有提及，则选NOT GIVEN。判断题是雅思阅读A类考试中难度较大的一种题型。在Cambridge IELTS 8至Cambridge IELTS 13的960道A类阅读题目中，有246道是判断题，占近26%的比例。所以，考生应特别重视这种题型。

二、答题步骤

（1）画出题目中的关键词，然后根据关键词最好先定位到文章中的一个段落，也就是把题目中的关键词与文章各段落的小标题或每段的第一句话相对照。先把题目定位到文章中的一个段落，这将大大加快解题的速度，并提高答案的准确率。

（2）快速阅读该段落。即根据题目中的关键词，在该段落中找出与题目相关的句子。也就是说，确定一个段落后，答案在该段落中的具体位置可能是未知的，所以，需要从头到尾快速阅读该段落，找出该段落中与题目相关的一句或几句话（通常是一句话）。

（3）仔细阅读这一句或几句话，再结合题目，确定正确答案。

三、注意事项

（1）判断题绝对不能只凭自己的感觉、常识或背景知识来做题，而是一定要回到文章中寻找对应的信息，也就是要把思路严格限制在文章所给的范围之内。

（2）判断题基本是按照题目关键词（或其同义词）在文章中出现的顺序来出题的，了解这一点，考生就能根据题目中的关键词在文章中快速进行定位，从而节省时间。

（3）在解答判断题时，对文章以及题目中出现的副词、动词和名词要特别加以注意。尤其是副词在程度高低、范围大小、局部和整体、经常和偶尔等方面的区别往往是解题的关键。下表列出了文章和题目中使用的表示不同范围、频率和可能性的词汇，这时，答案就是FALSE或NO。

（4）要注意题目要求回答的是什么。同是判断题，有的要求考生回答TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN，有的要求考生回答YES/NO/NOT GIVEN，必须按照要求填写。

四、真题示例

Example 1（Cambridge IELTS 12 Test 6 READING PASSAGE 2 Questions 21-24）

【真题回顾】

READING PASSAGE 2

The Lost City

An explorer's encounter with the ruined city of Machu Picchu, the most famous icon of the Inca civilisation

A When the US explorer and academic Hiram Bingham arrived in South America in 1911, he was ready for what was to be the greatest achievement of his life: the exploration of the remote hinterland to the west of Cusco, the old capital of the Inca empire in the Andes mountains of Peru. His goal was to locate the remains of a city called Vitcos, the last capital of the Inca civilisation. Cusco lies on a high plateau at an elevation of more than 3,000 metres, and Bingham's plan was to descend from this plateau along the valley of the Urubamba river, which takes a circuitous route down to the Amazon and passes through an area of dramatic canyons and mountain ranges.

B When Bingham and his team set off down the Urubamba in late July, they had an advantage over travellers who had preceded them: a track had recently been blasted down the valley canyon to enable rubber to be brought up by mules from the jungle. Almost all previous travellers had left the river at Ollantaytambo and taken a high pass across the mountains to rejoin the river lower down, thereby cutting a substantial comer, but also therefore never passing through the area around Machu Picchu.

C On 24 July they were a few days into their descent of the valley. The day began slowly, with Bingham trying to arrange sufficient mules for the next stage of the trek. His companions showed no interest in accompanying him up the nearby hill to see some ruins that a local farmer, Melchor Arteaga, had told them about the night before. The morning was dull and damp, and Bingham also seems to have been less than keen on the prospect of climbing the hill. In his book Lost City of the Incas, he relates that he made the ascent without having the least expectation that he would find anything at the top.

D Bingham writes about the approach in vivid style in his book. First, as he climbs up the hill, he describes the ever-present possibility of deadly snakes,“capable of making considerable springs when in pursuit of their prey”; not that he sees any. Then there's a sense of mounting discovery as he comes across great sweeps of terraces, then a mausoleum, followed by monumental staircases and, finally, the grand ceremonial buildings of Machu Picchu.“It seemed like an unbelievable dream... the sight held me spellbound...” he wrote.

E We should remember,however,that Lost City of the Incas is a work of hindsight,not written until 1948, many years after his journey. His journal entries of the time reveal a much more gradual appreciation of his achievement. He spent the afternoon at the ruins noting down the dimensions of some of the buildings, then descended and rejoined his companions, to whom he seems to have said little about his discovery. At this stage, Bingham didn't realise the extent or the importance of the site, nor did he realise what use he could make of the discovery.

F However, soon after returning it occurred to him that he could make a name for himself from this discovery. When he came to write the National Geographic magazine article that broke the story to the world in April 1913, he knew he had to produce a big idea. He wondered whether it could have been the birthplace of the very first Inca, Manco the Great, and whether it could also have been what chroniclers described as“the last city of the Incas”. This term refers to Vilcabamba, the settlement where the Incas had fled from Spanish invaders in the 1530s. Bingham made desperate attempts to prove this belief for nearly 40 years. Sadly, his vision of the site as both the beginning and end of the Inca civilisation, while a magnificent one, is inaccurate. We now know that Vilcabamba actually lies 65 kilometres away in the depths of the jungle.

G One question that has perplexed visitors, historians and archaeologists alike ever since Bingham, is why the site seems to have been abandoned before the Spanish Conquest. There are no references to it by any of the Spanish chroniclers—and if they had known of its existence so close to Cusco they would certainly have come in search of gold. An idea which has gained wide acceptance over the past few years is that Machu Picchu was a moya, a country estate built by an Inca emperor to escape the cold winters of Cusco, where the elite could enjoy monumental architecture and spectacular views. Furthermore, the particular architecture of Machu Picchu suggests that it was constructed at the time of the greatest of all the Incas, the emperor Pachacuti (c. 1438-71). By custom, Pachacuti's descendants built other similar estates for their own use, and so Machu Picchu would have been abandoned after his death, some 50 years before the Spanish Conquest.

【答案解析】

21 Bingham went to South America in search of an Inca city.

答案：TRUE

关键词：Bingham、went to、South America、in search of、Inca、city

定位句：根据关键词定位到A段第一行：When the US explorer and academic Hiram Bingham arrived in South America in 1911, he was ready for what was to be the greatest achievement of his life: the exploration of the remote hinterland to the west of Cusco, the old capital of the Inca empire in the Andes mountains of Peru．当美国探险家、学者Hiram Bingham在1911年到达南美洲时，他为即将成为他一生最伟大的成就做了充足的准备：探索遥远的库斯科西部内陆地区，这是位于秘鲁安第斯山脉印加帝国的古都所在。

解 析：定位句中的arrived in、exploration、capital分别和题目中的went to、in search of、city是同义替换，定位句和题目意思相符，答案就是TRUE。

考 点：同义替换。arrived in=went to; exploration=in search of; capital=city。

22 Bingham chose a particular route down the Urubamba valley because it was the most common route used by travellers.

答案：FALSE

关键词：Urubamba、most common route

定位句：根据关键词定位到B段第一行：When Bingham and his team set off down the Urubamba in late July, they had an advantage over travellers who had preceded them: a track had recently been blasted down the valley canyon to enable rubber to be brought up by mules from the jungle. Almost all previous travellers had left the river at Ollantaytambo and taken a high pass across the mountains to rejoin the river lower down．当Bingham和他的团队在7月下旬沿着乌鲁班巴出发时，他们比先于他们出发的旅行者们更有优势：之前的游客走的是一条沿着峡谷开辟不久的小道，这条小路方便马骡从密林中运输橡胶。几乎所有之前的旅行者都在欧岩特坦波离开河流，在高处穿过山脉并在比较低的地方再次到达河流。

解 析：题目中的most common route意思是“最常用的路线”，定位句中的they had an advantage over travellers who had preceded them意思是“他们比先于他们出发的旅行者们更有优势”，可见，他们选择的路线与之前的旅行者不同。定位句和题目意思不相符，答案就是FALSE。

考 点：推理判断。

23 Bingham understood the significance of Machu Picchu as soon as he saw it.

答案：FALSE

关键词：understood、significance of Machu Picchu、as soon as he saw

定位句：根据关键词定位到E段第五行：At this stage, Bingham didn't realise the extent or the importance of the site, nor did he realise what use he could make of the discovery．在这一阶段，Bingham并没有意识到那个地方的大小和重要性，也没有意识到他能够如何利用这些发现。

解 析：定位句中的importance of the site和题目中的significance of Machu Picchu是同义替换，定位句中的at this stage...nor did he realise和题目中的understood... as soon as he saw意思不相符，答案就是FALSE。

考 点：同义替换。importance of the site=significance of Machu Picchu; realise=understood。

24 Bingham returned to Machu Picchu in order to find evidence to support his theory.

答案：NOT GIVEN

关键词：returned to Machu Picchu、support his theory

定位句：根据关键词定位到F段第七行：Bingham made desperate attempts to prove this belief for nearly 40 years. Bingham在将近40年的时间里用尽一切方法试图证明他的观点。

解 析：定位句中的prove this belief和题目中的support his theory是同义替换，但原文并没有明确提及Bingham是否returned to Machu Picchu，答案就是NOT GIVEN。

考 点：同义替换。prove this belief=support his theory。

Example 2（Cambridge IELTS 11 Test 3 READING PASSAGE 1 Questions 10-13）

【真题回顾】

READING PASSAGE 1

THE STORY OF SILK

The history of the world's most luxurious fabric, from ancient China to the present day

Silk is a fine, smooth material produced from the cocoons—soft protective shells—that are made by mulberry silkworms (insect larvae). Legend has it that it was Lei Tzu, wife of the Yellow Emperor, ruler of China in about 3000 BC, who discovered silkworms. One account of the story goes that as she was taking a walk in her husband's gardens, she discovered that silkworms were responsible for the destruction of several mulberry trees. She collected a number of cocoons and sat down to have a rest. It just so happened that while she was sipping some tea, one of the cocoons that she had collected landed in the hot tea and started to unravel into a fine thread. Lei Tzu found that she could wind this thread around her fingers. Subsequently, she persuaded her husband to allow her to rear silkworms on a grove of mulberry trees. She also devised a special reel to draw the fibres from the cocoon into a single thread so that they would be strong enough to be woven into fabric. While it is unknown just how much of this is true, it is certainly known that silk cultivation has existed in China for several millennia.

Originally, silkworm farming was solely restricted to women, and it was they who were responsible for the growing, harvesting and weaving. Silk quickly grew into a symbol of status, and originally, only royalty were entitled to have clothes made of silk. The rules were gradually relaxed over the years until finally during the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911 AD), even peasants, the lowest caste, were also entitled to wear silk. Sometime during the Han Dynasty (206 BC-220 AD), silk was so prized that it was also used as a unit of currency. Government officials were paid their salary in silk, and farmers paid their taxes in grain and silk. Silk was also used as diplomatic gifts by the emperor. Fishing lines, bowstrings, musical instruments and paper were all made using silk. The earliest indication of silk paper being used was discovered in the tomb of a noble who is estimated to have died around 168 AD.

Demand for this exotic fabric eventually created the lucrative trade route now known as the Silk Road, taking silk westward and bringing gold, silver and wool to the East. It was named the Silk Road after its most precious commodity, which was considered to be worth more than gold. The Silk Road stretched over 6,000 kilometres from Eastern China to the Mediterranean Sea, following the Great Wall of China, climbing the Pamir mountain range, crossing modern-day Afghanistan and going on to the Middle East, with a major trading market in Damascus. From there, the merchandise was shipped across the Mediterranean Sea. Few merchants travelled the entire route; goods were handled mostly by a series of middlemen.

With the mulberry silkworm being native to China, the country was the world's sole producer of silk for many hundreds of years. The secret of silk-making eventually reached the rest of the world via the Byzantine Empire, which ruled over the Mediterranean region of southern Europe, North Africa and the Middle East during the period 330-1453 AD. According to another legend, monks working for the Byzantine emperor Justinian smuggled silkworm eggs to Constantinople (Istanbul in modern-day Turkey) in 550 AD, concealed inside hollow bamboo walking canes. The Byzantines were as secretive as the Chinese, however, and for many centuries the weaving and trading of silk fabric was a strict imperial monopoly. Then in the seventh century, the Arabs conquered Persia, capturing their magnificent silks in the process. Silk production thus spread through Africa, Sicily and Spain as the Arabs swept through these lands. Andalusia in southern Spain was Europe's main silk-producing centre in the tenth century. By the thirteenth century, however, Italy had become Europe's leader in silk production and export. Venetian merchants traded extensively in silk and encouraged silk growers to settle in Italy. Even now, silk processed in the province of Como in northern Italy enjoys an esteemed reputation.

The nineteenth century and industrialisation saw the downfall of the European silk industry. Cheaper Japanese silk, trade in which was greatly facilitated by the opening of the Suez Canal, was one of the many factors driving the trend. Then in the twentieth century, new manmade fibres, such as nylon, started to be used in what had traditionally been silk products, such as stockings and parachutes. The two world wars, which interrupted the supply of raw material from Japan, also stifled the European silk industry. After the Second World War, Japan's silk production was restored, with improved production and quality of raw silk. Japan was to remain the world's biggest producer of raw silk, and practically the only major exporter of raw silk, until the 1970s. However, in more recent decades, China has gradually recaptured its position as the world's biggest producer and exporter of raw silk and silk yarn. Today, around 125, 000 metric tons of silk are produced in the world, and almost two thirds of that production takes place in China.

【答案解析】

10 Gold was the most valuable material transported along the Silk Road.

答案：FALSE

关键词：gold、most valuable material、Silk Road

定位句：根据关键词定位到第三段第二行：It was named the Silk Road after its most precious commodity, which was considered to be worth more than gold．之所以叫作“丝绸之路”，正是以其最珍贵的商品而得名，它被视为比黄金更贵重。

解 析：题目中的关键词Silk Road在定位句中重现，定位句中的which...worth more than gold和题目中的gold...most valuable material意思不相符，答案就是FALSE。

考 点：推理判断。

11 Most tradesmen only went along certain sections of the Silk Road.

答案：TRUE

关键词：most tradesmen、only、went、certain sections

定位句：根据关键词定位到第三段倒数第二行：Few merchants travelled the entire route; goods were handled mostly by a series of middlemen．很少有商人会走遍整条路线；货物大多是由一系列的中间人交接传递的。

解 析：定位句中的merchants和题目中的tradesmen是同义替换，定位句中的few merchants travelled...entire route和题目中的most tradesmen only went...certain sections意思相符，答案就是TRUE。

考 点：同义替换。merchants = tradesmen; few merchants travelled...entire route =most tradesmen only went...certain sections。

12 The Byzantines spread the practice of silk production across the West.

答案：FALSE

关键词：Byzantines、spread、practice of silk production、across...West

定位句：根据关键词定位到第四段第七行：The Byzantines were as secretive as the Chinese, however, and for many centuries the weaving and trading of silk fabric was a strict imperial monopoly．然而，拜占庭人和中国人一样守秘不宣，在很多世纪丝绸料子的纺织和贸易都受到帝国的严格垄断。

解 析：题目中的关键词Byzantines在定位句中重现，定位句中的weaving and trading of silk fabric和题目中的practice of silk production是同义替换，定位句中的secretive（秘密的）、monopoly（垄断的）和题目中的spread...across...West意思不相符，答案就是FALSE。

考 点：同义替换。weaving and trading of silk fabric = practice of silk production。

13 Silk yarn makes up the majority of silk currently exported from China.

答案：NOT GIVEN

关键词：silk yarn、majority、exported from China

定位句：根据关键词定位到第五段倒数第四行：However, in more recent decades, China has gradually recaptured its position as the world's biggest producer and exporter of raw silk and silk yarn. Today, around 125,000 metric tons of silk are produced in the world, and almost two thirds of that production takes place in China．然而，在近几十年里，中国逐渐重拾昔日地位，成为全球最大的生丝和丝线生产者和出口国。如今，全世界大约生产125000公吨的丝绸，其中几乎2/3的产量出自中国。

解 析：题目的意思是“丝线构成了当前中国丝绸出口的大部分”。题目中的关键词silk yarn在定位句中重现，但原文并没有明确提及丝线在丝绸出口产品中所占比例的大小，答案就是NOT GIVEN。

考 点：推理判断。